These post-acute withdrawal symptoms have also been demonstrated in animal models of alcohol dependence and withdrawal.

These models were known as dwarf safeties, or safety bicycles, for their lower seat height and better weight distribution ( although without pneumatic tires the ride of the smaller-wheeled bicycle would be much rougher than that of the larger-wheeled variety ).

These models solve the horizon problem through an expanding epoch well before the Big Bang, and then generate the required spectrum of primordial density perturbations during a contracting phase leading to a Big Crunch.

These include models to study the electronic properties of solids, such as the Drude model, the Band structure and the density functional theory.

These models could not easily be reconciled with the way objects are observed to behave on the macro scale of everyday life.

These bonds exist between two particular identifiable atoms, and have a direction in space, allowing them to be shown as single connecting lines between atoms in drawings, or modeled as sticks between spheres in models.

These models predict an upward trend in the global mean surface temperature, with the most rapid increase in temperature being projected for the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.

These vehicles typically sacrifice some depth of capability from civilian models in order to gain greater speed and independence from prime movers.

These models appear to have been sold only for a year or two.

These have more to do with the simplified models of bulk matter used, and in any case have nothing to do with general relativity, and need to be excluded.

These models were popular in the 1960s, 1970s, but nowadays can be found primarily in old legacy systems.

These models also featured an innovation with a generator that doubled up as a self-starter, which was mounted directly on the crankshaft.

These models where produced with a 1, 000 cc two-stroke engine, with a choice between or S versions until 1963.

These are represented in theoretical and empirical forms ( as in the neoclassical and endogenous growth models ) and in growth accounting.

These models afford advantages over classical test theory, including the capacity to produce standard errors of measurement for each score or pattern of scores on assessments and the capacity to handle missing responses.

These models of socialism are not to be confused with other forms of market socialism ( e. g. the Lange model ) where publicly owned enterprises are coordinated by a degree of economic planning in setting prices for capital goods.

These “ rate-distortion ” models suggest that the genetic code originated as a result of the interplay of the three conflicting evolutionary forces: the needs for diverse amino-acids, for error-tolerance and for minimal cost of resources.

Note: These models refer to Lie algebras not to Lie groups.

These are written in rhyming couplets, and again draw on French models such as Chrétien de Troyes, many of them relating Arthurian material, for example, Parzival by Wolfram von Eschenbach.

These models are black box systems, using mathematical and statistical concepts to link a certain input ( for instance rainfall ) to the model output ( for instance runoff ).

These models try to represent the physical processes observed in the real world.

These models are known as deterministic hydrology models.

These models focus on the unrestrained seigniorage of the monetary authority, and the gains from the inflation tax.

These models include the Radio Shack TandyVision, the GTE-Sylvania Intellivision, and the Sears Super Video Arcade.

These vehicles, with large sensitive areas, have collected data for long enough times to give reliable impact rates for the periods of exposure.

These values give direction to the life of the middle-class man or woman, dictating the methods of child rearing, determining the pattern of community participation, setting the style for the psychiatric treatment of middle-class illness, and informing the congregational life of the major denominations.

These give a characteristic " laddered " appearance on agar gel after electrophoresis.

These coatings are long gone and much of the architectural detail is sadly eroded, though detached fragments found in the ruins during consolidation give an impression of the original refined, rather austere, architectural effect.

These political divisions subdivide the population of Ajaccio into units that can be more democratically served but they do not give a true picture of the size of Ajaccio.

These included, among others, the "... saints who live on rays which moon and daystar give " and " those ... whose food the wave of air supplies ".

These two bodies, to which we can give or from which we can remove the heat without causing their temperatures to vary, exercise the functions of two unlimited reservoirs of caloric.

These give them an advantage in combat since the limbs are outfitted with offensive weapons.

These alternative mating strategies give females more mating opportunities without losing the support of the males in their community.

These will enable developing countries to give their children a digital education, and help close the digital divide across the world.

These arguments are expressed in a variety of different but equivalent ways ( they give the same elliptic integral ).

These restrictions effectively give the British Government the ability to prevent the island's government from declaring the islands to be a tax haven or from establishing a central bank.

These give more specific instructions on how to apply statutes, which often explicitly delegate regulation of specific details to the government.

These combined factors of toed-in rail fins cause several issues: drag on a toed-in outside rail fin can slow the board down in trim, but it can also give a braking effect during turns that is useful.

These four schools share most of their rulings, but differ on the particular hadiths they accept as authentic and the weight they give to analogy or reason ( qiyas ) in deciding difficulties.

These systems give law enforcement personnel real-time, street-level intelligence that allows them to not only focuses on the worst graffiti offenders and their damage, but also to monitor potential gang violence that is associated with the graffiti.

These studies can also give useful information about pathways for metamorphism through pressure, temperature, space, and time.

These were carefully cut to what is approximately a face slope with a seked of 5½ palms to give the required dimensions.

These properties, which give glass its clearness, can be retained even if glass is partially light-absorbing i. e. colored.

* Linear algebraic groups ( or more generally affine group schemes ) — These are the analogues of Lie groups, but over more general fields than just R or C. Although linear algebraic groups have a classification that is very similar to that of Lie groups, and give rise to the same families of Lie algebras, their representations are rather different ( and much less well understood ).

These numbers are highly speculative ; many sources give vague ideas of the unemployment rating being ( for example, in 2003 ) around 50 %, giving the impression that the actual rate could be several percentage points higher or lower.

These people ( or their descendants ) could exchange their vouchers for land previously owned by agricultural co-operatives, who were forced to give up some of their land for this purpose.

These notions ( packing dimension, Hausdorff dimension, Minkowski – Bouligand dimension ) all give the same value for many shapes, but there are well documented exceptions.

These letters give a glimpse into the daily trials of ruling an empire, from dealing with floods and mandating changes to a flawed calendar, to taking care of Babylon's massive herds of livestock.

These anions can be partially deprotonated to give the bicarbonate ( HCO < sub > 3 </ sub >< sup >−</ sup >) and hydrogenoxalate ( HC < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 4 </ sub >< sup >−</ sup >).