These trees differ from the birches ( Betula, the other genus in the family ) in that the female catkins are woody and do not disintegrate at maturity, opening to release the seeds in a similar manner to many conifer cones.

These tests consist in opening an assembly of two beams by applying a force at the ends of the two beams.

These reforms were largely directed against John Wycliff, mentioned in the opening session, and condemned in the eighth, 4 May 1415 and Jan Hus, and their followers.

The Hebrew title is taken from the opening phrase Eleh ha-devarim, " These are the words ..."; the English title is from a Greek mis-translation of the Hebrew phrase mishneh ha-torah ha-zoth, " a copy of this law ", in, as to deuteronomion touto-" this second law ".

These doors have an operating range of slightly over 90 degrees, so their use is limited to where they come into contact with a side wall when fully open ( or where they can be prevented from opening too far by a doorstop ).

These often opened with the show's main title logo within the teaser scene ; from season four onward, the show began using an anthropomorphic version of the logo in the opening scenes, using various animations.

These channels are also sensitive to the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP, which alter the voltage sensitivity of the channel ’ s opening.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

These features changed over time, opening the door to the doctrine of stare decisis:

These instruments can also play all the sharps and flats, with a special technique of both tilting the pipes and jaw movement, thus reducing the size of the pipe's opening and producing a change in pitch.

These restricted opening hours led to the tradition of lock-ins.

These swords have been variously dated to times between 1700 – 1400 BC, but were probably used more notably in the opening centuries of the 1st millennium BC.

These bids are commonly referred to as " drop dead bids ", as the opening NT bidder is requested to withdraw from the auction.

These missions had varied success, but the final two unmanned missions — Korabl-Sputnik 4 and Korabl-Sputnik 5 — were outright successes, opening the door for a manned flight.

These are generally considered to be the opening shots of World War Two.

These medals won in Europe increased the demand for Steinway pianos, thus the reason the family looked into opening a store in London.

These indications may be fulfilled by opening either a vein or an artery.

These imperial robes consist of a number of tunics and cloaks, of scarlet cloth heavy embroidered in gold and including an elbow length cape with a deeply scalloped edge, fringed in gold ( the scallops on either side of the opening on the front being particularly long, giving them the appearance of a western priest's stole ) and two large squares of scarlet cloth similarly heavily embroidered and fringed in gold attached to each shoulder.

These initials lend themselves to phrase after phrase throughout the book ; for example, appearing in the book's opening sentence as " Howth Castle and Environs ".

These bays connect with the funnel-shaped opening to the Barents Sea via a narrow strait called " gorlo " (, meaning " throat ").

These two car units ran along the Bloor Street route only and ceased operations after the opening of the Bloor – Danforth subway line.

These gates close in the evening, and students who like to get out after this have created an alternate opening known as Scholar's Entry.

These years were also when D-Mark set the opening of his new record label project DanceDP Recordings.

These bombardment groups went on to participate in decisive raids over Germany as part of Eighth Air Force opening the door for Allied daylight precision bombing.

These reservations, along with all but the Osage Reservation in northeastern Oklahoma, were dismantled by the allotment of tribal lands to individual members, and the opening of the " excess " lands to settlement, in a series of land openings.

These positions carry such titles as:

; Presiding Bishop or President Bishop: These titles are often used for the head of a national Anglican church, but the title is not usually associated with a particular episcopal see like the title of a primate.

; Honorary Assistant bishop, Assisting Bishop, or Bishop Emeritus: These titles are usually applied to retired bishops who are given a general licence to minister as episcopal pastors under a diocesan's oversight.

These to some extent live up to the promise of the ` decadent ' aesthetic suggested by their titles ; Daydreams, Happiness of Eternal Night, and After Death.

These books, with their lurid titles, were once thought to be the creations of Jane Austen's imagination, though later research by Michael Sadleir and Montague Summers confirmed that they did actually exist and stimulated renewed interest in the Gothic.

These are simply offices or titles.

These included Dangerous Dave and other titles.

These titles place AEL in the 5 biggest football clubs of Greece.

Jenkins mentions use of the word in book titles including Life among the Moonies and Escape from the Moonies, and comments: " These titles further illustrate how the derogatory term ' Moonie ' became a standard for members of this denomination, in a way that would have been inconceivable for any of the insulting epithets that could be applied to, say, Catholics or Jews.

These titles and their related products are the brand's most popular and successful lines.

These include honours such as medals and honorary titles dating back to the nation's feudal era.

These titles are represented physically by a belt that can be worn by the champion.

These ranks, however, used a unique mix of functional titles and traditional ranks.

These groups had their own uniforms with a modification of SS rank titles and insignia.

These titles refer to a legendary story, according to which seventy or seventy-two Jewish scholars were asked by the Greek King of Egypt Ptolemy II Philadelphus to translate the Torah from Biblical Hebrew into Greek, for inclusion in the Library of Alexandria.

These translators differ in their attitude to the original English honorific titles, some change them all, or none, but most leave a mix partially as a compensation for the added loss of Englishness.

) These items were referred to in the French, German and Polish titles of the series, Chapeau melon et bottes de cuir (" Bowler hat and leather boots "), Mit Schirm, Charme und Melone (" With Umbrella, Charm and Bowler Hat ") and Rewolwer i melonik (" A Revolver and a Bowler Hat "), respectively.

These titles were abolished in 1971.

These titles are usually translated as count or duke, but these terms conveyed very different meanings in the Early Middle Ages, so the Latin versions are to be preferred.

These titles translate to one concept: that Odaenathus ' position, not unlike a king in the Semitic world, was inheritable.

These titles are often cited by the major experts.

These letters patent state that henceforth only the children of the Sovereign, the children of the sons of the Sovereign, and the eldest son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales would " have and at all times hold and enjoy the style, title or attribute of Royal Highness with their titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their respective Christian names or with their other titles of honour.

These titles were borne by courtesy and preserved by tradition, not law, e. g. the princes de, respectively, Bidache ( Gramont ), Marcillac ( La Rochefoucauld ), Tonnay-Charente ( Mortemart ), Poix ( Noailles ), Léon ( Rohan-Chabot ),

These titles were released as the sides of a 78 record on March 7, the first issued jazz record.