These results refined Ernest Rutherford's and Antonius Van den Broek's model, which proposed that the atom contains in its nucleus a number of positive nuclear charges that is equal to its ( atomic ) number in the periodic table.

These were discovered by Carl D. Anderson in 1932 and named positrons ( a contraction of " positive electrons ").

These compounds may produce positive results for amphetamine on drug tests.

These orbits were stabilized in the model by the fact that when an electron moved farther from the center of the positive cloud, it felt a larger net positive inward force, because there was more material of opposite charge, inside its orbit ( see Gauss's law ).

These interactions generate both positive and negative externalities between others ' actions.

These layers of fixed positive and negative charges, collectively known as the depletion layer because they are depleted of free electrons and holes.

These positive evaluations led to the increased use and more thorough implementation of the CRM system.

These digits are often used with a decimal separator which indicates the start of a fractional part, and with a symbol such as the plus sign + ( for positive ) or minus sign − ( for negative ) adjacent to the numeral to indicate whether it is greater or less than zero, respectively.

These ties, together with his ascetic manner and appearance ( a positive advantage to him at the sombre court of Leopold I ), ensured the refugee from the hated French king a warm welcome at Passau, and a position in Imperial service.

These historians were generally unsympathetic to John's behaviour under Richard's rule, but slightly more positive towards the very earliest years of John's reign.

These historians were often inclined to see John's reign, and his signing of Magna Carta in particular, as a positive step in the constitutional development of England, despite the flaws of the king himself.

These discharges were found to be formed by both negative nitrogen ions and positive oxygen ions.

These images show 16mm Eastman Kodak keykode ( top ) and Fujifilm MR-code ( bottom ) The Fuji example was scanned from a positive print, but it shows the codes from the negative.

These coefficients can be positive or negative, depending on the energies and symmetries of the individual atomic orbitals.

These correspond to the explicit formula for a positive fractional power of x.

These positive displacement pumps have an expanding cavity on the suction side and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side.

These studies likewise failed to elicit a positive response by the scientific community despite numerous trials.

These laws often require that the pawnbroker establish positive identification of the seller through photo identification ( such as a driver's license or government-issued identity document ), as well as a holding period placed on an item purchased by a pawnbroker ( to allow time for local law enforcement authorities to track stolen items ).

These relatively positive results are despite some concerns about local storm sewers and waste treatment plants frequently overflowing untreated sewage into local waterways due to flood conditions and antiquated infrastructure.

These measures were applied with successful results along with the government's policy of the Magical Hexagon which consists of full employment, social equality, economic growth, environmental quality, positive trade balance and price stability.

These units are responsible for promoting a positive Shriner image to the public by participating in local parades.

These women are also examples of the positive influences women have had on society.

These are ( 1 ) the theological, ( 2 ) the metaphysical, and ( 3 ) the positive.

These developments gave rise to the Islamist and Islamic movement opposed to the increasing communist and Soviet influence over Afghanistan.

These developments have indeed made our lives better, but the best contribution that bionics has made is in the field of biomedical engineering.

These churches at first used and then revised the use of the Prayer Book, until they, like their parent, produced prayer books which took into account the developments in liturgical study and practice in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which come under the general heading of the Liturgical Movement.

These techniques include developments in optimal control in the 1950s and 1960s, followed by progress in stochastic, robust, adaptive and optimal control methods in the 1970s and 1980s.

These permanent villages and towns predate those of southern Eritrea and northern Ethiopia suggesting, according to Peter Schmidt, "... it is they, not sites in Arabia that were the vital precursors to urban developments ... likewise students of evolution and distribution of languages now believe that Semitic and Cushitic languages are of African origin.

These developments also encouraged Finnish nationalism and cultural unity through the birth of the Fennoman movement, which bound the Finns to the domestic governmental system and led to the idea that the Finnish Grand Duchy was an increasingly autonomous part of the Russian Empire.

These developments represented a fundamental change in literary criticism, which came to focus more on character and less on plot.

These were followed by developments in philosophy of human rights by philosophers such as Thomas Paine, John Stuart Mill and G. W. F.

These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics, and lab technology ( such as the x-ray ) led to modern medicine.

These developments simultaneously explained how string theory is related to quantum chromodynamics, and afterwards holography gained wide acceptance.

These favorable developments, combined with the presence of a large and cheap labour force, laid the foundation for spectacular economic growth that lasted almost uninterrupted until the " Hot Autumn's " massive strikes and social unrest of 1969-70, which then combined with the later 1973 oil crisis and put an abrupt end to the prolonged boom.

These were developments that had begun before the Industrial Revolution, but the adoption of James Watt's more efficient steam engine from the 1770s reduced the fuel costs of engines, making mines more profitable.

These developments in Karachi resulted in large influx of economic migrants: Parsis, Hindus, Christians, Jews, Marathis, Goans, Chinese, British, Arabs and Gujaratis.

These developments began to give a new meaning to what was termed " modernism ": It embraced discontinuity, rejecting smooth change in everything from biology to fictional character development and filmmaking.

These galleries make no distinction between modernist and postmodernist phases, seeing both as developments within Modern Art.

These developments were accompanied by the introduction of new tools, such as indifference curves and the theory of ordinal utility.

These developments are reflected in neoclassical theory by the search for the occurrence in markets of the equilibrium conditions of Pareto optimality and self-sustainability.

These developments mirrored the growth of Russian nationalism across the artistic spectrum, as part of the more general Slavophilism movement.

These works include complex polyphonic ensembles and reflect musical developments of their times.

These practical developments were followed by the development of theories of light and vision by ancient Greek and Indian philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world.

These developments were not fundamentally novel, rather they were refinements to existing languages and paradigms, and largely based on the C family of programming languages.

These developments supported Francia's policy of economic self-sufficiency, no longer being reliant on another nation.

These developments shared responsibility for establishing thriving economic relations between Paraguay and the world's sixth largest economy, Brazil.

These developments — re-evaluation of the entire Western value system ( love, marriage, popular culture, shift from industrial to service economy ) that took place since the 1950s and 1960s, with a peak in the Social Revolution of 1968 — are described with the term Postmodernity, Influences on postmodern thought, Paul Lützeler ( St. Louis ) as opposed to Postmodernism, a term referring to an opinion or movement.