Thoroughly modern in treatment, they are at the same time, full of simple sincerity which invariably characterizes genuine Negro folk-music and are by no means to be confused with the average ' Broadway Spirituals ' which depend for their racial flavor upon sundry allusions to the ' Amen Corner ', ' judgement Day, ' Gabriel's Horn, and a frustrated devil -- with a few random hallelujahs thrown in for good measure.

In the discussion which follows, the time average of the radio emission will be referred to as the constant component, and the superimposed periodic variation will be called the variable component.

TAI as a time scale is a weighted average of the time kept by over 200 atomic clocks in over 50 national laboratories worldwide.

The International Bureau of Weights and Measures ( BIPM, France ), combines these measurements to retrospectively calculate the weighted average that forms the most stable time scale possible.

In the 1970s, it became clear that the clocks participating in TAI were ticking at different rates due to gravitational time dilation, and the combined TAI scale therefore corresponded to an average of the altitudes of the various clocks.

According to the ROA National Statistical Service, the average monthly salary during January-June 2008 is 86, 850 drams ( about $ 287 at the time ).

About 62 % of officially registered wage earners earn at least the average monthly wage, while only 19. 6 % receive a monthly salary of over 100, 000 drams ( about $ 330 at the time ).

The study found GDP per capita in the corridor was 10 % above average U. S. metropolitan areas and 40 above other Canadian cities at that time.

Lookup, insertion, and deletion all take O ( log n ) time in both the average and worst cases, where n is the number of nodes in the tree prior to the operation.

Therefore, counting the turns of the cups over a set time period produced the average wind speed for a wide range of speeds.

In baseball, an at bat ( AB ) or time at bat is used to calculate certain statistics, including batting average, on base percentage, and slugging percentage.

The league average for on-base percentage has varied considerably over time ; in the modern era it is around. 340, whereas it was typically only. 300 in the dead-ball era.

This situation has often been used strategically by software vendors to force customers to purchase upgrades since, over time, the number of data files usable by an old version diminishes at a rate proportional to the number of other customers that have upgraded ( assuming that all customers generate files at the same the average rate.

The wettest month is June during which time Basel receives an average of of rain or snow.

* Cumulative average return, a financial concept related to the time value of money

However, the universe is also cooling down, meaning that the average energy per particle is getting smaller with time.

It is now believed the Patagons were actually Tehuelches with an average height of 1. 80 m (~ 5 ′ 11 ″) compared to the 1. 55 m (~ 5 ′ 1 ″) average for Spaniards of the time.

The astronomer's mean tropical year which is averaged over equinoxes and solstices is currently 365. 24219 days, slightly shorter than the average length of the year in most calendars, but the astronomer's value changes over time, so William Herschel's suggested correction to the Gregorian calendar may become unnecessary by the year 4000.

It reflects changes in the variability or average state of the atmosphere over time scales ranging from decades to millions of years.

The average residence time in the pores depends upon the effective size of the analyte molecules.

Since that time, the rate of crater production on Earth has been considerably lower, but it is appreciable nonetheless ; Earth experiences from one to three impacts large enough to produce a 20 km diameter crater about once every million years on average.

While the rate of growth varies by region, time of year and gender, Zug and Zug found an average initial growth rate of per day, followed by an average rate of per day.

However, the term is applied to multidimensional data as well as to univariate data and in situations where a transformation of the data values for some or all dimensions would usually be considered necessary: in the latter cases, the notion of a " central location " is retained in converting an " average " computed for the transformed data back to the original units.

Braid's original description of his induction is as follows: Braid himself later acknowledged that the hypnotic induction technique was not necessary in every case and subsequent researchers have generally found that on average it contributes less than previously expected to the effect of hypnotic suggestions ( q. v., Barber, Spanos & Chaves, 1974 ).

If we compress data in a manner that assumes q ( X ) is the distribution underlying some data, when, in reality, p ( X ) is the correct distribution, the Kullback – Leibler divergence is the number of average additional bits per datum necessary for compression.

Part of what the LTV means by " socially necessary " is that the value only increases in proportion to this labor as it is performed with average skill and average productivity.

By working sloppily, the unskilled workers may drag down the average skill of labor, thus increasing the average labor time necessary for the production of each unit commodity.

" Socially necessary " labor refers to the quantity required to produce a commodity " in a given state of society, under certain social average conditions or production, with a given social average intensity, and average skill of the labour employed.

They both postulated that if the stars in the universe were distributed in a hierarchical fractal cosmology ( e. g., similar to Cantor dust )— the average density of any region diminishes as the region considered increases — it would not be necessary to rely on the Big Bang theory to explain Olbers ' paradox.

In real-world markets, assumptions such as perfect information cannot be verified and are only approximated in organized double-auction markets where most agents wait and observe the behaviour of prices before deciding to exchange ( but in the long-period interpretation perfect information is not necessary, the analysis only aims at determining the average around which market prices gravitate, and for gravitation to operate one does not need perfect information ).

8 to 12 years on average are necessary for a student to reach Professeur level, 8 years in the Italian Federation, and but 2 years in some federations.

* If the high and low signal levels have the same voltage with opposite polarity, coded signals have zero average DC voltage, thus reducing the necessary transmitting power and minimizing the amount of electromagnetic noise produced by the transmission line.

To describe such a texture only the average size of the crystals and the fabric are necessary.

Marx pointed out, however, that in society at large, an average amount of time that was necessary to produce the commodity would arise.

In absence of adequate irrigation, 16 inches of rainfall are necessary to raise an average crop.

On average, the stages were shorter than in previous years, in an attempt to make illegal substances ( doping ) less necessary for the riders.

Unfortunately, government subsidies are necessary to make buy-back centres a viable enterprise, as according to the United States National Solid Wastes Management Association it costs on average US $ 50 to process a ton of material, which can only be resold for US $ 30.

The Karst Underwater Research team successfully executed exploration dives and the necessary in-water decompression to explore approximately in multiple passages at an average depth of Fresh Water ( ffw ) with a maximum depth of 407 ffw.

The materials necessary for suicide by hanging are easily available to the average person, compared with firearms or lethal poison.

In order to derive Charles's law from kinetic theory, it is necessary to have a microscopic definition of temperature: this can be conveniently taken as the temperature being proportional to the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules, < u style =" font-style: italic ; text-decoration: overline "> E </ u >< sub > k </ sub >:

List the kind and quantity of things the farm can be expected to produce in an average year.

On average one of these calves will become a replacement dairy cow, and some of the rest may be reared for beef or veal ; however some are effectively produced solely to allow the cow to produce milk.

They subject the body to starvation and produce an average weekly weight loss of 1. 5 – 2. 5 kilograms ( 3. 3 – 5. 5 lb ).

On average, it takes 16 years to produce a single graduate of the 6-year cycle.

If for example the industry is large enough to support one company of minimum efficient scale then other companies entering the industry will operate at a size that is less than MES, meaning that these companies cannot produce at an average cost that is competitive with the dominant company.

The average maple tree will produce of sap per season, up to per day.

) Large S band magnetrons can produce up to 2. 5 megawatts peak power with an average power of 3. 75 kW.

Companies that take advantage of economies of scale often run into problems of bureaucracy ; these factors interact to produce an " ideal " size for a company, at which the company's average cost of production is minimized.

Lets say the other 3 sequences all produce, on average, replicas of themselves, and of each of the other two types, where.

Repeating a series of trials will produce similar, but not identical, results for each series: the average, the standard deviation and other distributional characteristics will be around the same for each series of trials.

The stars being born in the Eagle Nebula, added to those with an approximate age of 5 million years have an average temperature of 45, 000 degrees Kelvin and produce prodigious amounts of radiation that will eventually destroy the dust pillars.

Small and medium-sized farms produce most of the food crop ; the average farm size is one to three hectares.

A measurement instrument able to produce frequency estimates with no dead-time will actually deliver a frequency average time series which only needs to be converted into average fractional frequency and may then be used directly.

These two combined effects ( which in transmission fibers give rise to polarization mode dispersion ) produce a misalignment of the relative polarizations of the signal and pump lasers along the fiber, thus tending to average out the PDG.

The data transfer is interrupted at intervals in order to produce the required average data signaling rate.

Furthermore, cyclotrons are able to produce a continuous stream of particles at the target, so the average power passed from a particle beam into a target is relatively high.

The system is unstable: the two particles annihilate each other to produce two gamma ray photons after an average lifetime of 125 picoseconds or three gamma ray photons after 142 nanoseconds in vacuum, depending on the relative spin states of the positron and electron.

In lab experiments an average " in-shape " cyclist can produce about 3 watts / kg for more than an hour ( e. g., around 200 watts for a 70 kg rider ), with top amateurs producing 5 watts / kg and elite athletes achieving 6 watts / kg for similar lengths of time.