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Page "Photometry (astronomy)" ¶ 3
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broadening and is
The company is still broadening its line and is now active on four major fronts.
Af is paramagnetic, and electron paramagnetic dipole as well as nuclear dipole effects lead to line broadening.
Limitations on the lengths of these sequences diminish the stability of the comparatively short crystallites which can be formed, and this is reflected in a broadening of the melting range.
Confucius emphasized the role of the arts and humanities ( especially music and poetry ) in broadening human nature and aiding li ( etiquette, the rites ) in bringing us back to what is essential about humanity.
In spectroscopy, it is the description of the shape of spectral lines which are subject to homogeneous broadening in which all atoms interact in the same way with the frequency range contained in the line shape.
The K-corona ( K for kontinuierlich, " continuous " in German ) is created by sunlight scattering off free electrons ; Doppler broadening of the reflected photospheric absorption lines completely obscures them, giving the spectral appearance of a continuum with no absorption lines.
U. S. " New Left " is associated with the Hippie movement, college campus mass protest movements and a broadening of focus from protesting class-based oppression to include issues such as gender, race, and sexual orientation.
* The Pebble Bed Reactor, a High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor ( HTGCR ), is designed so high temperatures reduce power output by Doppler broadening of the fuel's neutron cross-section.
Considering only homogeneous broadening affecting an atomic or molecular resonance, the spectral line shape function is described as a Lorentzian distribution:
Focusing on broadening horizons, the year is often structured around student projects such as producing a magazine, charity work, running a small business, etc.
Although the electronic transitions of an isolated ion are very well defined, broadening of the energy levels occurs when the ions are incorporated into the glass of the optical fiber and thus the amplification window is also broadened.
This broadening is both homogeneous ( all ions exhibit the same broadened spectrum ) and inhomogeneous ( different ions in different glass locations exhibit different spectra ).
Homogeneous broadening arises from the interactions with phonons of the glass, while inhomogeneous broadening is caused by differences in the glass sites where different ions are hosted.
Transparency is a matter of degree ; spill the beans ( to let secret information become known ) and leave no stone unturned ( to do everything possible in order to achieve or find something ) are not entirely literally interpretable, but only involve a slight metaphorical broadening.
The General Longstreet Recognition Project is an educational project of the Agribusiness Council Heritage Preservation Committee aimed at broadening public awareness of Longstreet's military and public service.
Pulse broadening caused by material dispersion in a unit length of optical fiber is given by the product of M ( λ ) and spectral width ( Δλ ).
The Sahel, a broadening coastal plain along Tunisia's eastern Mediterranean coast, is among the world's premier areas of olive cultivation.
More recently, the ethnography of speaking has been renamed the " ethnography of communication " to reflect the broadening of focus from instances of language production to the ways in which communication ( including oral, written, broadcast, acts of receiving / listening ) is conventionalized in a given community of users.
In this expression, W < sub > c, v </ sub >( E ) represents the product of the Brillouin zone-averaged transition probability at the energy E with the joint density of states, J < sub > c, v </ sub >( E ); φ is a broadening function, representing the role of scattering in smearing out the energy levels.
In general, the broadening is intermediate between Lorentzian and Gaussian ; for an alloy it is somewhat closer to Gaussian because of strong scattering from statistical fluctuations in the local composition on a nanometer scale.
Cake considered the album more professionally produced than Motorcade, despite references to its " raw " sound, and the reception was again generally positive ; critics noted the broadening of Cake's sound, with Joshua Green noting in the Westword that " Nugget spans a broader range of topics than did Motorcade, with similarly appealing results ", and Matt Weitz in the Dallas Observer saying that " The gimlet eye and sardonic humor of 1994's Motorcade of Generosity is intact, but Fashion Nugget is aptly named ; it updates Motorcade with beatboxy soul and hip-hop rhythms ".

broadening and due
One sample, which had been exposed to the atmosphere after evacuation at 375-degrees-C, showed the presence of adsorbed water ( about 0.3 wt ) ) as evidenced by a weak resonance line which was very narrow at room temperature and which disappeared, due to broadening, at low temperature.
In practice there may also be broadening of the line shape due to inhomogeneous broadening, most notably due to the Doppler effect resulting from the distribution of velocities in a gas at a certain temperature.
It is power-limited or inherently self controlling due to Doppler broadening.
These reasons may be divided into two broad categories-broadening due to local conditions and broadening due to extended conditions.
* Natural broadening: The uncertainty principle relates the lifetime of an excited state ( due to the spontaneous radiative decay or the Auger process ) with the uncertainty of its energy.
* Macroscopic Doppler broadening: Radiation emitted by a moving source is subject to Doppler shift due to a finite line-of-sight velocity projection.
The gain bandwidth of the HeNe laser is dominated by Doppler broadening rather than pressure broadening due to the low gas pressure, and is thus quite narrow: only about 1. 5 GHz full width for the 633 nm transition.
The line has an extremely small natural width because of its long lifetime, so most broadening is due to doppler shifts caused by the motion of the emitting regions relative to the observer.
Changes in reactivity in fuel due to temperature stem from a phenomenon known as doppler broadening, where resonance absorption of fast neutrons in fuel filler material prevents those neutrons from thermalizing ( slowing down ).
According to the book Judging Jehovah's Witnesses, the Witnesses have helped to widen the definition of civil liberties in most western societies, hence broadening the rights of millions of people, due to their firm stand and determination.
Aside from broadening the spectral coverage, imaging is more precise due to the shorter wavelength.
At finite temperatures, the thermal broadening of the electron energy distribution due to the Fermi-distribution limits spectroscopic resolution.
In atomic physics, Doppler broadening is the broadening of spectral lines due to the Doppler effect caused by a distribution of velocities of atoms or molecules.
A particular and perhaps the most important case is the thermal Doppler broadening due to the thermal motion of the particles.
If the pulse is of sufficient intensity, the spectral broadening process of SPM can balance with the temporal compression due to anomalous dispersion and reach an equilibrium state.

broadening and well
These have typically adapted well, and are increasing in number and broadening their range outside human control.
This Act was an improvement because for two reasons — inclusion of minority interests in the board of trustees as well as broadening the scope of the devasthanams to include study and dissemination of religious practices and knowledge.
He met Anabaptists and Roman Catholics, including Jesuits and Oratorians, as well as Jews, broadening his religious education.
Neil soon began contributing his own material, and he also became the second lead vocalist, thus taking some of the performing and writing pressure off Tim as well as broadening their repertoire.
The scope of the resolutions, going well beyond tinkering with the Articles of Confederation, succeeded in broadening the debate to encompass fundamental revisions to the structure and powers of the national government.
Not all humanists of course followed his example in all things, but Petrarch contributed to a broadening of his time ’ s ‘ canon ’ ( pagan poetry had previously been considered frivolous and dangerous ), something that happened in philosophy as well.
Student exchanges became popular after World War II, and are intended to increase the participants ' understanding and tolerance of other cultures, as well as improving their language skills and broadening their social horizons.
The airline's CEO attributes its success to better brand awareness as well as an increased utilisation of aircraft, growing revenue and a broadening of the earning base.
As well as broadening the band ’ s sound and outlook, Alan Gill had brought in an all-but-complete new song before his departure, which he and Cope had reworked.
Where loans were negotiated on the basis of implementing large infrastructural projects such as roads and electrical damns, the West stood to gain by employing their domestic businesses as well as broadening the means by which Western companies could more easily extract these resources.
One is the explosion in the numbers of different ecolabeling programs across the world and across business sectors, with many schemes broadening their issues to cover social, ethical and safety issues as well as just environmental.

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