From Auguste Blanchard's copper-plate engraving after Edouard Dubufe's Picture

Since wood engraving is a relief process ( ink is applied to the raised surface of the block ) while metal engraving is an intaglio technique, wood engravings deteriorated much less quickly than copper-plate engravings and had a distinctive white-on-black character.

In 1847 he enrolled in the Accademia Ligustica, where he specialized in copper-plate engraving, and graduated in 1855.

He spent 10 years engraving the copper-plate for Rubens's Descent from the Cross.

The copper-plate inscription of the Maharaja Sharvanatha ( 533 – 534 CE ) from Khoh ( Satna District, Madhya Pradesh ) describes the Mahabharata as a " collection of 100, 000 verses " ( shatasahasri samhita ).

The early Pallava history from this period onwards is furnished by a dozen or so copper-plate grants in Sanskrit.

Inscriptions on copper-plate regarding grants of land and rights to settlements of Jewish and Christian traders, dated approximately between the 7th-and 9th-centuries AD, refer to Nair chiefs and soldiers from the Ernad, Walluvanad, Venad ( later known as Travancore ) and Palghat areas.

After it had been levelled, and the people were employed in digging the foundation, a copper-plate was discovered, on which was the following inscription :- “ Raja ( king ) Bulnat, having built this temple, was desirous of ascertaining from his astrologers how long it would last, and was informed by them that after eleven hundred years, a king named Sikundar would destroy it, as well as the other temples in Kashmir.

Nevertheless, Bhaskarvarman did issue the Nidhanpur copper-plate inscription from his victory camp in the Gaur capital Karnasuvarna ( present-day Murshidabad, West Bengal ) to replace a grant issued earlier by Bhutivarman for a settlement in the Sylhet region of present-day Bangladesh.

Their copper-plate grants bear an emblem of the Sun and on their seals too, this symbol is depicted.

The earliest copper-plate muniment ( legal document ) so far discovered in India, is by the Pallavas at an early undated time.

The earliest documentation on the Pallavas is the three copper-plate grants, now referred to as the Mayidavolu, Hirahadagalli and the British Museum plates ( Durga Prasad, 1988 ) belonging to Skandavarman I and written in Prakrit.

The construction is well documented in a 1437 CE copper-plate record, inscriptions in the temple and a Sanskrit text Soma-Saubhagya Kavya.

Raychoudhuri drew this theory about the pedigree of the Guptas based on the Riddhapura copper-plate inscription of Prabhabati Gupta, daughter of Chandragupta II.

His elder brother Phillip became a painter, copper-plate engraver and poet.

The BBC noted that " these messages were recorded at the time in copper-plate handwriting, now scattered across the world in different collections, but together forming a unique archive.

Journal had 65 copper-plate engravings of birds, animals, and botanical specimens, and during the next five years was translated into German and French.

Gerard Edelinck ( 20 October 1640 – 2 April 1707 ), was a Flemish copper-plate engraver.

We have an copper-plate inscription of him, now at the Government Museum Chennai.

Although the printing industry had already changed to lithography for some time, some maps in Stieler's Atlas were still reproduced by copper-plate printing on hand presses with hand colouring into the 1890s.

)-- adorned by 1600 copper-plate engravings.

The scientific value of the book was much increased by the addition of 180 copper-plate engravings.

It consists the Sanskrit texts ( along with their translations in Bengali ) of a number of stone and copper-plate inscriptions issued by the Pala emperors.

In each of these regions, Hindu law fused with local norms and practices, giving rise to legal texts ( Āgamas such as the Kuṭāra-Mānawa in Java, and the Buddhist-influenced Dhammasattas / Dhammathats of Burma and Thailand ) as well as legal records embodied ( as in India ) in stone and copper-plate inscriptions.

He also wrote short explanatory introductions and notes to a collection of copper-plate engravings, much valued by connoisseurs, called Histoires du Vieux et du Nouveau Testament, représentées par des figures gravées en taille-douce par R. de Hooge ( Amsterdam, 1704 ).

Ryland was born in London, the eldest of seven sons of Edward Ryland ( died 1771 ), an engraver and copper-plate printer.

64 copper-plate maps.

Some have survived and others may be deduced from accurate landscapes of real places in his later work, for example his engraving Nemesis.

The observatory of Anders Celsius, from a contemporary engraving.

An engraving of Hume from his The History of England ( David Hume ) | The History of England Vol.

In 1960 the Ishango bone tool was discovered, fashioned from the fibula of a baboon with a sharp piece of quartz affixed to one end, perhaps for engraving.

' Emigrants Leave Ireland ', engraving by Henry Doyle ( 1827 – 1892 ), from Mary Frances Cusack's Illustrated History of Ireland, 1868

James Madison engraving by David Edwin from between 1809 and 1817

At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to a goldsmith, but soon after travelled to Rome where he learned engraving from an expatriate Frenchman, Philippe Thomassin.

" Lithography, or printing from soft stone, largely took the place of engraving in the production of English commercial maps after about 1852.

The Master of the Playing Cards worked in Germany from the 1430s with the newly invented printmaking technique of engraving.

Earliest known surviving heliographic engraving, 1825, printed from a metal plate made by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce with his Heliography | " heliographic process ".

The book describes, among other stories, an account of the purported Pope Joan giving birth to a son in plain view of all those around, accompanied by a detailed engraving showing a rather surprised looking baby peeking out from under the Pope's robes.

An engraving from the ouvrage « Quatrieme livre des formes, orneė des rocailles, carteles, figures oyseaux et dragon » 1736

Berengar of Tours, engraving by Hendrik Hondius I | Henrik Hondius from Jacob Verheiden, Praestantium aliquot theologorum ( 1602 ).

Cut from the engraving following the painting of Caspar Netscher by G. Edelinck, between 1684 and 1687.

The process was developed in Germany in the 1430s from the engraving used by goldsmiths to decorate metalwork.

An intaglio variant of engraving in which the image is formed from subtle gradations of light and shade.

The only record of his work in the first decade of his independent activity is an engraving by Jan van de Velde copied from the lost portrait of The Minister Johannes Bogardus.

" The First Cotton Gin ", an engraving from Harper's Magazine, 1869.

Hooke's microscope, from an engraving in Micrographia.

Robert Fludd's 1618 " water screw " perpetual motion machine from a 1660 wood engraving.

( Copperplate engraving by Edward Scriven from a painting by Richard Westall: London, 1802.

The Commonwealth cemetery, as is common at many such cemeteries in the world, consists of parallel rows of gravestones, each one bearing an engraving of the deceased soldier's unit emblem, his name and an epitaph from his family.

* 1822 – Nicéphore Niépce takes the first fixed, permanent photograph, of an engraving of Pope Pius VII, using a non-lens contact-printing " heliographic process ", but it was destroyed later ; the earliest surviving example is from 1825.

File: Tomb of Daniel. jpg | 19th-century engraving of Daniel's tomb in Susa, from Voyage en Perse Moderne, by Flandin and Coste.