The other was Lemaître's Big Bang theory, advocated and developed by George Gamow, who introduced big bang nucleosynthesis ( BBN ) and whose associates, Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman, predicted the cosmic microwave background radiation ( CMB ).

The discovery and confirmation of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964 secured the Big Bang as the best theory of the origin and evolution of the cosmos.

The earliest and most direct kinds of observational evidence are the Hubble-type expansion seen in the redshifts of galaxies, the detailed measurements of the cosmic microwave background, the relative abundances of light elements produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and today also the large scale distribution and apparent evolution of galaxies predicted to occur due to gravitational growth of structure in the standard theory.

The physical model behind cosmic inflation is extremely simple, however it has not yet been confirmed by particle physics, and there are difficult problems reconciling inflation and quantum field theory.

Both the problems of baryogenesis and cosmic inflation are very closely related to particle physics, and their resolution might come from high energy theory and experiment, rather than through observations of the universe.

These measurements are expected to provide further confirmation of the theory as well as information about cosmic inflation, and the so-called secondary anisotropies, such as the Sunyaev-Zel ' dovich effect and Sachs-Wolfe effect, which are caused by interaction between galaxies and clusters with the cosmic microwave background.

In applying the elemental theory to beings that function on a cosmic scale ( e. g. Yog-Sothoth ) some authors created a separate category termed aethyr.

These measurements were able to rule out cosmic strings as the leading theory of cosmic structure formation, and suggested cosmic inflation was the right theory.

* The strong cosmic censorship hypothesis asserts that, generically, general relativity is a deterministic theory, in the same sense that classical mechanics is a deterministic theory.

In the chaotic inflation theory, a variant of the cosmic inflation theory, the multiverse as a whole is stretching and will continue doing so forever, but some regions of space stop stretching and form distinct bubbles, like gas pockets in a loaf of rising bread.

Picture shows a famous cosmic mirage known as the Einstein Cross, and is a direct visual confirmation of the theory of general relativity.

One of these introduced the Fermi – Ulam model, which is an extension of Fermi's theory of the acceleration of cosmic rays.

Examples of topological solitons include the screw dislocation in a crystalline lattice, the Dirac string and the magnetic monopole in electromagnetism, the Skyrmion and the Wess – Zumino – Witten model in quantum field theory, and cosmic strings and domain walls in cosmology.

In Stoic physics, Posidonius advocated a theory of cosmic " sympathy " ( sumpatheia ), the organic interrelation of all appearances in the world, from the sky to the earth, as part of a rational design uniting humanity and all things in the universe, even those that were temporally and spatially separate.

Although his teacher Panaetius had doubted divination, Posidonius used the theory of cosmic sympathy to support his belief in divination-whether through astrology or prophetic dreams-as a kind of scientific prediction.

Supporting this theory is the report that 36 of the 39 astronauts involved in high-radiation-mission, such as the nine Apollo missions to leave Earth orbit, have developed early stage cataracts that have been shown to be caused by exposure to cosmic rays during their trips.

But the cosmic mechanism was not an easy problem, and Milanković took 2 years to develop an astronomical theory.

This is the Holy Grail these knights of the orgasm pursue, this is the irresistible cosmic urge to which they respond.

I refer to the notion that the structure of society is a microcosm of the cosmic design and that history conforms to patterns of justice and chastisement as if it were a morality play set in motion by the gods for our instruction.

Existence is created and willed by God and is not the consequence of a pre-existent rebellion or of a cosmic descent from eternity into history.

This is the familiar system of `` cosmic government ''.

It is the business of cosmologists, the scientists who study the nature and structure of the universe, to try to solve the great cosmic mysteries by using keys that have clicked open other doors.

In the Earth's atmosphere, is made by cosmic ray activity, primarily with.

" Life is cosmic energy of the universe and after death it merges in universe again and as the time comes to find the suitable place for the entity died in the life condition it gets born.

Astrometry is an important step in the cosmic distance ladder because it establishes parallax distance estimates for stars in the Milky Way.

The average temperature of the universe today is approximately 2. 73 kelvins, based on measurements of cosmic microwave background radiation.

It is believed that most of the stable beryllium in the universe was originally created in the interstellar medium when cosmic rays induced fission in heavier elements found in interstellar gas and dust.

Radioactive cosmogenic < sup > 10 </ sup > Be is produced in the atmosphere of the Earth by the cosmic ray spallation of oxygen

Because boron is produced entirely by cosmic ray spallation and not by stellar nucleosynthesis, it is a low-abundance element in both the solar system and the Earth's crust.

This relic radiation is known as the cosmic microwave background radiation.

* The isotropy of the cosmic background radiation is another indicator that the universe does not rotate.

The cosmic microwave background is radiation left over from decoupling after the epoch of recombination when neutral atoms first formed.

In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation or just inflation is the theorized extremely rapid exponential expansion of the early universe by a factor of at least 10 < sup > 78 </ sup > in volume, driven by a negative-pressure vacuum energy density.

For example, trace ( but detectable ) amounts of carbon-14 (< sup > 14 </ sup > C ) are continually produced in the atmosphere by cosmic rays impacting nitrogen atoms, and argon-40 (< sup > 40 </ sup > Ar ) is continually produced by the decay of primordially occurring but unstable potassium-40 (< sup > 40 </ sup > K ).

An ongoing theme in Lovecraft's work is the complete irrelevance of mankind in the face of the cosmic horrors that apparently exist in the universe, with Lovecraft constantly referring to the " Great Old Ones ": a loose pantheon of ancient, powerful deities from space who once ruled the Earth and who have since fallen into a deathlike sleep.

The view that there was no rigid structure is reinforced by S. T. Joshi, who stated " Lovecraft's imaginary cosmogony was never a static system but rather a sort of aesthetic construct that remained ever adaptable to its creator's developing personality and altering interests ... here was never a rigid system that might be posthumously appropriated ... he essence of the mythos lies not in a pantheon of imaginary deities nor in a cobwebby collection of forgotten tomes, but rather in a certain convincing cosmic attitude.

In air and other ordinary gases below the breakdown field, the dominant source of electrical conduction is via relatively few mobile ions produced by radioactive gases, ultraviolet light, or cosmic rays.

His work is marked chiefly by an extraordinarily wide and ornate vocabulary, a cosmic perspective and a vein of sardonic and sometimes ribald humor.

* Tri-Sentinel: A combination of three fairly standard Sentinels bonded together by Loki, and defeated by Spider-Man at the peak of his cosmic ( Captain Universe ) powers.

The observed X-ray background is thought to result from, at the " soft " end ( below 0. 3 keV ), Galactic X-ray emission ( the " galactic " X-ray background ), and, at the " hard " end ( above 0. 3keV ), from a combination of many unresolved X-ray sources outside of the Milky Way ( the " cosmic " X-ray background ).

These results in combination with considerations for geometry and Monte Carlo estimations led researchers to conclude that the visual phenomenon were indeed caused by cosmic rays.

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer device AMS-02, recently mounted on the International Space Station uses a RICH detector in combination with other devices to analyze cosmic rays.

A combination of the solar wind and Earth's heat would have driven off this atmosphere, as a result of which the atmosphere is now depleted in these elements compared to cosmic abundances.