Structural deficit differs from cyclical deficit in that structural deficit exists even when the economy is at its potential.

In the first place, a large part of the discrepancy between President Eisenhower's estimate of a 1.5 billion dollar surplus for the same period and the new estimate of an almost seven billion dollar deficit is the result of the outgoing President's farewell gift of a political booby-trap to his successor.

The rest of the deficit is also easily understood.

It is thought that dysmetria is caused by a deficit in the control of interaction torques in multijoint motion.

Roughly 88 % of people affected with AVM are asymptomatic ; often the malformation is discovered as part of an autopsy or during treatment of an unrelated disorder ( called in medicine " an incidental finding "); in rare cases its expansion or a micro-bleed from an AVM in the brain can cause epilepsy, deficit or pain.

To this day, it is a major league record for the biggest deficit overcome that late in the game.

A positive balance is known as a trade surplus if it consists of exporting more than is imported ; a negative balance is referred to as a trade deficit or, informally, a trade gap.

This is likely to have exchange rate implications: a sharp loss of value in the deficit economy ’ s exchange rate with the surplus economy ’ s currency will change the relative price of tradable goods, and facilitate a return to balance or ( more likely ) an over-shooting into surplus the other direction.

The successful American businessman and investor Warren Buffett was quoted in the Associated Press ( January 20, 2006 ) as saying " The U. S trade deficit is a bigger threat to the domestic economy than either the federal budget deficit or consumer debt and could lead to political turmoil ...

Every year there has been a major reduction in economic growth, it is followed by a reduction in the US trade deficit.

Trade is vital to the Cypriot economy — the island is not self-sufficient in food and until the recent offshore gas discoveries had few known natural resources — and the trade deficit continues to grow.

Emerging evidence suggests a possible role for CBT in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ), hypochondriasis, multiple sclerosis, sleep disturbances related to aging, dysmenorrhea, and bipolar disorder, but more study is needed and results should be interpreted with caution.

The government fiscal balance is in deficit because the government has not been able to raise sufficient tax revenues to cover expenses.

There is very limited information for Djibouti ’ s current account ; the country ’ s merchandise trade deficit was estimated at US $ 737 million in 2004.

The industrial sector's main problem is the deficit of energy, which the current government has tackled with the improvement of performance on existing hydro plants, and the creation of new ones.

If the deficit is not financed through a loan it is enough with a simple majority to approve the budget ( 50 % of the votes plus 1 ).

The scoring team will usually attempt the two-point conversion, because if successful, a three-point deficit later could be matched with one field goal ; failure to convert would result in a five-point deficit that could be surmounted with another touchdown — a situation no worse than the four-point deficit achieved with a kicked extra point.

The Steelers ' comeback earlier in the day was matched by San Francisco's similar late drive, overcoming a 38-14 deficit by scoring 25 unanswered points in the second half.

During the first half of 2008, Armenia's widening current-account trade deficit grew by 66 percent to $ 1. 39 billion USD, with a 40 percent rise in imports.

The deficit of such a bridge was first encountered in history by the Pre-Socratic philosophers during the process of evolving a classification of all beings ( noun ).

On June 30, 2009, the Orioles rallied to score 10 runs against Boston Red Sox after facing a 10 – 1 deficit in the 7th inning, winning the game by 11 – 10, setting a Major League Baseball record for the largest comeback by a last-place team over a first-place team.

Few economists believe that GDP and employment can be dragged down by an over-large deficit over the long run.

Its trade deficit has been increasing at a large rate since 1997 ( See chart ) and increased by 49. 8 billion dollars between 2005 and 2006, setting a record high of 817. 3 billion dollars, up from 767. 5 billion dollars the previous year.

Several international financial institutions have praised the economic reforms introduced by former president Álvaro Uribe ( elected 7 August 2002 ), which include measures designed to reduce the public-sector deficit below 2. 5 % of GDP in 2004.

Debates surrounding the emission of bonds have stalled the approval of the national budget for many months on several occasions, reason for which in 2006 the government will finance the deficit by reducing expenditure in other posts.

As in the previous year, the large trade deficit was offset by foreign aid and family remittances.

Necker published a report to support this claim that underestimated the deficit by roughly 36 million livres, and proposed restricting the power of the parlements.

The Congressional Budget Office estimates that the net effect of both laws will be a reduction in the federal deficit by $ 143 billion over the first decade.

Cutting the size of the public sector work force, lowering the deficit, and enhancing revenues from taxes — as mandated by the multilateral lending institutions — were consistently his biggest stumbling blocks.

Rather it changed the government's objectives by focusing on reducing public-sector spending, the size of the public-sector work force, and the trade deficit.

The deficit decrease, however, was mostly an accounting device because it resulted from the postponement of external payments to the Paris Club debtors and eventually would be offset by pressure to raise public investment.

However, after the elections in April 2006, the Socialist coalition under Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsany unveiled a package of austerity measures which were designed to reduce the budget deficit to 3 % of GDP by 2008.

The external trade deficit decreased by 12, 5 % since the previous year, easing down from 2, 4 billion to 308 million euros in 2007.

While in peacetime the deficit is financed by selling bonds, during a war it is typically difficult and expensive to borrow, especially if the war is going poorly for the government in question.

Maintenance of its macroeconomic progress depends on continued low inflation, reduction in the trade deficit, and reforms designed to encourage private investment.

Grenada's current account balance has remained in large deficit due to its heavy dependence on import of most consumer goods and domestic investment.

Haiti suffers from higher inflation than similar low-income countries, a lack of investment ( increasing however since the recent presidential seating ), and a severe trade deficit.

However, reaching those goals required policies that moved away from balancing the budget, lowering inflation, and reducing the deficit and external debt to attract investment and stimulate economic growth.

He brought down a mini-budget in an attempt to slow consumption, control inflation and reduce the deficit, but it triggered the worst credit squeeze since 1945 — the economy was driven into recession, the stock market slumped, private investment, housing activity and motor vehicle sales fell, unemployment rose to almost 2 percent ( the highest rate since the Depression ) and several major companies collapsed.

More specifically, Italian economy is weakened by the lack of infrastructure development, market reforms and research investment, and also high public deficit.

In the wake of the global economic downturn, Macedonia has experienced decreased foreign direct investment, lowered credit availability, and a large trade deficit.

As a result of this growth, government deficit as a percentage of GDP dropped to 43 % in 2009, and government-issued debt achieved investment grade in February 2010.

An economic reform plan was announced in 1989 and began implementing a 3-year economic restructuring program designed to reduce the public sector deficit, end subsidies, privatize state enterprises, and encourage new foreign and domestic investment.

From the 1970s to 1984, however, Thailand had suffered from many economic problems-ranging from decreasing American investment, current account deficit, a sudden rise in oil price to inflation.

One hypothesis is that a government's deficit spending (" fiscal policy ") has an effect similar to that of a lower saving rate or increased private fixed investment, increasing the amount of demand for goods at each individual interest rate.

By the above hypothesis, the graph indicates one of the major criticisms of deficit spending as a way to stimulate the economy: rising interest rates lead to crowding out – i. e., discouragement – of private fixed investment, which in turn may hurt long-term growth of the supply side ( potential output ).

Keynesians respond that deficit spending may actually " crowd in " ( encourage ) private fixed investment via the accelerator effect, which helps long-term growth.

All the colonies ran their telegraph networks at a deficit through investment in infrastructure and subsidisation of regional access, generally with bipartisan support.

Besides, political and social problems also greatly obstruct the growth of small village development: political turmoil, post-civil war predicament and burgeoning fiscal deficit have strangled most investment incentives ; corruption and manipulation of water supply by foreign companies have greatly undermined the availability and efficiency of local market, leaving little profits for village farmers and producers.

Critics argue that standard exchange rate theory would predict, instead, a devaluation of the currency of the nation running the high budget deficit, and eventual " crowding out " of private investment.

Others take a different view, blaming a combination of the Second Bank of the United States, Mexican bimetallism ( which drove Mexican silver out of Mexican circulation according to Gresham's Law, and into America where it was legal tender ), legal tender law, fractional reserve banking, and state government deficit spending, which dramatically increased the money and credit supply, decreased interest rates, and led to erroneous investment decisions before and up to 1837, according to the Austrian Theory of the Business Cycle.

His policy of low taxation and continued government investment resulted in massive foreign borrowing and a balance of payments deficit.

Conversely, some Post-Keynesian economists argue that deficit spending is necessary, either to create the money supply ( Chartalism ) or to satisfy demand for savings in excess of what can be satisfied by private investment.

Rising interest rates can " crowd out " ( discourage ) fixed private investment spending, canceling out some or even all of the demand stimulus arising from the deficit — and perhaps hurting long-term supply-side growth.