It also appears that divergence of the three groups took place in the Paleozoic or early Mesozoic before the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea and soon after their divergence from the lobe-finned fish.

According to Steven H Silver, alternate history requires three things: 1 ) the story must have a point of divergence from the history of our world prior to the time at which the author is writing, 2 ) a change that would alter history as it is known, and 3 ) an examination of the ramifications of that change.

Osiander's divergence from Luther's doctrine of justification by faith involved him in a violent quarrel with Philip Melanchthon, who had adherents in Königsberg, and these theological disputes soon created an uproar in the town.

Pre-Angkorian Khmer, the language after its divergence from Proto-Mon – Khmer until the ninth century, is only known from words and phrases in Sanskrit texts of the era.

The divergence of carnivorans from other miacids, as well as the divergence of the two clades within Carnivora, Caniformia and Feliformia, is now inferred to have happened in the middle Eocene, about 42 million years ago ( mya ).

Owing respectively to Green's theorem and the divergence theorem, such a field is necessarily conserved and free from sources or sinks, having net flux equal to zero through any open domain.

* In Scotland, the Disruption of 1843 refers to the divergence from the Church of Scotland of the Free Church of Scotland

More technically, the divergence represents the volume density of the outward flux of a vector field from an infinitesimal volume around a given point.

Continuing the divergence from rock and roll and blues begun by his work with Farthingale, Bowie joined forces with Finnigan, Christina Ostrom and Barrie Jackson to run a folk club on Sunday nights at the Three Tuns pub in Beckenham High Street.

The origin of the divergence of the term " extreme sports " from " sports " may date to the 1950s in the appearance of a phrase usually, but wrongly, attributed to Ernest Hemingway.

According to genetic studies, divergence of primates from other mammals began and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around.

In the 1990s several teams of paleoanthropologists were working throughout Africa looking for evidence of the earliest divergence of the Hominin lineage from the great apes.

Nearly all modern non-African humans have 1 % to 4 % of their DNA derived from Neanderthal DNA, and this finding is consistent with recent studies indicating that the divergence of some human alleles dates to one Ma, although the interpretation of these studies has been questioned.

While the divergence point of the mtDNA was unexpectedly deep in time, the full genomic sequence suggested the Denisovans belonged to the same lineage as Neanderthals, with the two diverging shortly after their line split from that giving rise to modern humans.

This is often recalculated as the divergence from the product of the marginal distributions to the actual joint distribution:

Another interpretation of KL divergence is this: suppose a number X is about to be drawn randomly from a discrete set with probability distribution p ( x ).

On the other hand the light from a semiconductor laser typically exits the tiny crystal with a large divergence: up to 50 °.

Their nearest linguistic relatives are the Igala who live on the opposite side of the Niger's divergence from the Benue, and from whom they are believed to have split about 2, 000 years ago.

Conversely, the cultural divergence at the border became sharper: in theory, a uniform French identity extends from the Atlantic coast to the Rhine, and on the other bank of the Rhine, a uniform German identity begins.

* Div ( divergence ) is a vector operator that measures a vector field's divergence from or convergence towards a given point.

Some examples of that divergence from tradition include using the left-hand quarter of each section as reefers, sometimes using sentence-length blurbs to describe stories inside.

However, rather than follow What if tradition of using a divergence from a specific plot point, Volume 4 more closely resembled the DC Comics equivalent, Elseworlds which presents stories that are continuities based on alternative versions ( in time or place ) of DC Comic's canon.

Beginning in the early to mid-Nineteenth century, and with the incorporation of Eastern mystical concepts into the existing traditions, the Western mystery tradition experienced a major divergence between the esoteric Hermetic rites of the Masonic and Rosicrucian traditions, and the Theosophical schools ( with the major divergence occurring during the life of Madame Blavatsky ).

The discovery of isotopic oxygen in 1929 led to a divergence in atomic weight representation, with isotopically weighted oxygen ( i. e., naturally occurring oxygen atomic weight ) given a value of exactly 16 atomic mass units ( amu ) in chemistry, while pure < sup > 16 </ sup > O ( oxygen-16 ) was given the mass value of exactly 16 amu in physics.

This increasing political divergence led to a formal split at the 1969 IRA Convention, held in December.

The restrictions enforced on the Kenya-Tanzania border consequently led to the divergence of Kenyan popular music towards the emerging benga music.

This event was later marked as the watershed in the divergence between paleoconservatives, who backed Bradford, and neoconservatives, led by Irving Kristol, who supported Bennett.

Constance Myers indicates that three factors led to the expulsion of the Trotskyists from the Socialist Party in 1937: the divergence between the official Socialists and the Trotskyist faction on the issues, the determination of Altman's wing of the Militants to oust the Trotskyists, and Trotsky's own decision to move towards a break with the party.

By 1848, divergence of practice and belief led to the development of two separate branches.

These changes did not affect all dialects equally, and led to greater divergence between the dialects than in Middle High German.

In practice, however, these developments led to a sharp divergence from physics, particularly from 1950 to 1980.

In spite of their divergence of views, he consented, at the urgent request of President MacMahon, to take office in March 1875 in the Buffet Cabinet ; but the reactionary policy of the premier led to a dispute between him and Say both in the press and in the constituencies, and brought about Buffet's resignation.

This divergence led to the speciation of the Atavus, producing the Taelons and the warlike Jaridians.

In the course of the plot, the point of divergence, where the Temporal Cold War led to the creation of this alternate history timeline, becomes clear: the murder of Lenin in 1916.

The U. S. Air Force also participated in the program, but different requirements led to some divergence in the development of NASA and USAF Scouts.

Hershkovitz proposed that the separation of the two species happened in the Pleistocene at the height of the Atrato river where it intersected the Cauca-Magdalena, when the area was covered by a sea, which created a geographic barrier that led to the reproductive separation that caused the divergence of the species, which today are principally separated by the Atrata river.

Both languages have been reformed in recent decades, which has led to further divergence, though conversely more recent spelling reforms in Scottish Gaelic have redressed the divergences to some extent.

The divergence led to the emergence of self-identified ' classical fencers ,' which solidified circa 1990.

This political autonomy and isolation from the rest of the Malay world allowed for preservation of the Malay language and culture but also led to the divergence of the dialect.

The geographical isolation of the various populations of this mainly sedentary group has led to its genetic divergence and speciation.

Unlike the gradient and divergence, curl does not generalize as simply to other dimensions ; some generalizations are possible, but only in three dimensions is the geometrically defined curl of a vector field again a vector field.

If the divergence is nonzero at some point then there must be a source or sink at that position.

If a vector field F with zero divergence is defined on a ball in R < sup > 3 </ sup >, then there exists some vector field G on the ball with F = curl ( G ).

Equivalently, some authors define the divergence of any mixed tensor by using the " musical notation #":

If we compress data in a manner that assumes q ( X ) is the distribution underlying some data, when, in reality, p ( X ) is the correct distribution, the Kullback – Leibler divergence is the number of average additional bits per datum necessary for compression.

Covering the face is the subject of some divergence of opinion amongst the scholars – some consider it to be compulsory since the face is the major source of attraction, whilst others consider it to be highly recommended.

Anthropologist Colin Groves has stated that Morgan's theories are sophisticated enough that they should be taken seriously as a possible explanation for hominin divergence and Carsten Niemitz has found more recent, weaker versions of the hypothesis more acceptable, approaching some of his own theories on human evolution.

Intuitively, the divergence ( denoted ∇•) of a vector field is a measure of flux diverging radially outwards from a point, so the negative is the amount piling up at a point, hence the rate of change of density in a region of space must be the amount of flux leaving or collecting in some region ( see main article for details ).

The divergence of the harmonic series is also the source of some apparent paradoxes.

The viticultural and winemaking practices of making sparkling wine have many similarities to the production of still wine with some noted divergence.

The gun is designed to create a beam of electrons exiting from the assembly at some given angle, known as the gun divergence semiangle, α.

When these hold, the divergence becomes infinite at some finite value of the affine parameter.

The quadratic divergence in the scalar's mass requires adjustments of a part in, where M < sub > bare </ sub > is the cutoff of the theory, the energy scale at which the theory changes in some essential way.

While it holds to the basic tenets of the Seventh-day Adventist faith, commonly referred to as the pillars or landmarks of the faith ( See on Seventh-day Adventist theology for these landmark teachings ), there is a divergence in degree on some post-1914 doctrinal positions of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in both interpretation and application.

GM has recently begun a divergence in design between the two lines with the 2007 model Silverados and Sierras, which have some differences in sheet metal and style.

An alternative hypothesis to account for this biogeographical puzzle, based in part on an estimated divergence date of 50 million years ago, is that these species are the descendants of a more widespread but now extinct lineage of Old World iguanids that migrated overland from the New World to Asia or Australia, and then dispersed by some combination of continental drift, rafting and / or land bridges to their present remote location.

The Lesser and Greater Sandhill Cranes are quite distinct, their divergence dating roughly to some time during the Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene, some 2. 3 – 1. 2 million years ago ( mya ).

The causes of the bottleneck phenomenon — i. e., a sharp decrease in a species ' population, immediately followed by a period of great genetic divergence ( differentiation ) among survivors — is attributed to volcanic winters by some researchers.

Therefore, today we may speak definitively only of the languages of surviving manuscripts, which, according to some interpretations, show regional divergence from the beginning of the historical records.

The minimal divergence to a sub-manifold given by a restriction like some constant means maximizing.

Because the Disney Corporation marketed the movie as a true story, some historians criticized it both because of the legendary status of Hopkins ' claims and for its divergence from his accounts.