( like compression strength of urethane foams, it has a direct relationship to formulation.

The formulation for the literary prize being given for a work " in an ideal direction " ( in Swedish ), is cryptic and has caused much confusion.

USAID has programming in the following areas: economic policy reform and restructuring ; private sector development ( the Business Development Program ); infrastructure rebuilding ; democratic reforms in the media, political process and elections, and rule of law / legal code formulation ; and training programs for women and diplomats.

According to this formulation, the state exists for the benefit of citizens and has an obligation to respect and protect the rights of citizens, including civil rights and political rights.

It has significant applications seemingly outside of economics in such diverse subjects as formulation of nuclear strategies, ethics, political science, and evolutionary biology.

The British philosopher Simon Blackburn has criticized this formulation by suggesting that we do not want to accept as knowledge beliefs, which, while they " track the truth " ( as Nozick's account requires ), are not held for appropriate reasons.

Among the goals of ethnology have been the reconstruction of human history, and the formulation of cultural invariants, such as the incest taboo and culture change, and the formulation of generalizations about " human nature ", a concept which has been criticized since the 19th century by various philosophers ( Hegel, Marx, structuralism, etc .).

Philosophical interpretations of quantum phenomena, however, are another matter: the question of how to interpret the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics has given rise to a variety of different answers from people of different philosophical persuasions ( see Interpretations of quantum mechanics ).

In Switzerland, an innovative ketoprofen formulation based on transfersome technology for direct application on the skin above the site to be treated has been approved.

The principle should not be confused with the principle of bivalence, which states that every proposition is either true or false, and has only a semantical formulation.

A systematic understanding of its consequences has led to the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics, which works in full phase space instead of Hilbert space, so then with a more intuitive link to the classical limit thereof.

While it is possible to define some arbitrary, ad hoc cost function, frequently a particular cost will be used, either because it has desirable properties ( such as convexity ) or because it arises naturally from a particular formulation of the problem ( e. g., in a probabilistic formulation the posterior probability of the model can be used as an inverse cost ).

In the decades after the formulation of quantum mechanics, the question of what constitutes a " measurement " has been extensively studied.

Because it can be difficult to prove " exclusive control ", this element has largely given way in modern cases to a less rigid formulation: that the evidence eliminates, to a sufficient degree, other responsible causes ( including the conduct of the plaintiff and third parties ).

Another formulation of the prayers was that appended by Maimonides to the laws of prayer in his Mishneh Torah: this forms the basis of the Yemenite liturgy, and has had some influence on other rites.

While Hobbes justifies absolute monarchy, this work is the first to posit that the temporal power of a monarch comes about, not because God has ordained that he be monarch, but because his subjects have freely yielded their own power and freedom to him-in other words, Hobbes replaces the divine right of kings with an early formulation of the social contract.

The TSP has several applications even in its purest formulation, such as planning, logistics, and the manufacture of microchips.

UNEP has aided in the formulation of guidelines and treaties on issues such as the international trade in potentially harmful chemicals, transboundary air pollution, and contamination of international waterways.

Historically, Fermat's principle has served as a guiding principle in the formulation of physical laws with the use of variational calculus ( see Principle of least action ).

There has been considerable debate between the logical school, which uses mathematical language, and the epistemological school, which employs concepts such as knowledge, belief and memory, over which formulation is correct.

The formulation of theories about the governing laws of the universe has been central to the study of physics from very early on, with philosophy gradually yielding to systematic, quantitative experimental testing and observation as the source of verification.

However, the claim has been made that ( though factually accurate ) Woolf's formulation is " a little too dogmatic and definite and contributes to the false view that Bloomsbury was an entity, almost a formal body ", as opposed to " an informal group of friends, and nothing more ".

This has the advantage of simplifying many of the formulas involved, and provides a formulation for Fourier series that more closely resembles the definition followed in this article.

But in the case with many countries ( more than 3 countries ) or many commodities ( more than 3 commodities ), the notion of comparative advantage looses its facile features and requires totally different formulation.

The original ones, proposed by Robert Schapire ( a recursive majority gate formulation ) and Yoav Freund ( boost by majority ), were not adaptive and could not take full advantage of the weak learners.

The automated support strategy is selected to take advantage of the powerful linguistic devices and obtain a scenario formulation which will be the basis for automated reasoning </ td >

As such, this theory is not, strictly speaking, a formulation of the de Broglie – Bohm theory.

Strictly speaking this is not a Bose – Einstein condensate as it does not demonstrate any of the characteristics, such as off diagonal long range order or a unitary two body correlation function, even in a thermodynamic limit and as such cannot be described by a macroscopically occupied orbital ( order parameter ) in the Gross Pitaevskii formulation.

It is an extension of the idea of a rectifiable curve to higher dimensions ; loosely speaking, a rectifiable set is a rigorous formulation of a piece-wise smooth set.

Probably the two most famous declarations of a right to revolution against tyranny in the English language are John Locke's Essay concerning The True Original, Extent, and End of Civil-Government and Thomas Jefferson's formulation in the United States Declaration of Independence that " all men are created equal ".

Given the tendency for real negotiations in Japan to be conducted privately ( in the nemawashi, or root binding, process of consensus building ), the shingikai often represented a fairly advanced stage in policy formulation in which relatively minor differences could be thrashed out and the resulting decisions couched in language acceptable to all.

This formulation implicitly acknowledges that Sapir and Whorf were not the first or only scholars to have theorized about relations between language and thought and that other strands of thinking about the issue also exist.

Still, detractors such as Eric Lenneberg, Noam Chomsky and Steven Pinker have criticized him for not being sufficiently clear in his formulation of how he meant language influences thought, and for not providing actual proof of his assumptions.

As classical physics and non-mathematical language cannot match the precision of quantum mechanics mathematics, anything said outside the mathematical formulation is necessarily limited in accuracy.

Since the precise notion of " manifold " was not available to Hilbert, there is room for some debate about the formulation of the problem in contemporary mathematical language.

He stated further that " The miracle of the appropriateness of the language of mathematics for the formulation of the laws of physics is a wonderful gift which we neither understand nor deserve.

The miracle of the appropriateness of the language of mathematics for the formulation of the laws of physics is a wonderful gift which we neither understand nor deserve.

As the trend for cochlear implants in children grows, deaf-community advocates have tried to counter the " either or " formulation of oralism vs manualism with a " both and " approach ; some schools now are successfully integrating cochlear implants with sign language in their educational programs.

The latter deals with tensor fields ( tensors varying from point to point on a manifold ), but covariance asserts that the language of tensors is essential to the proper formulation of general relativity.

Published as Linguistics and Poetics in 1960, Jakobson's lecture is often credited with being the first coherent formulation of stylistics, and his argument was that the study of poetic language should be a sub-branch of linguistics.

Culture shock can be described as consisting of at least one of fifteen distinct phases: Honeymoon, Negotiation, Adjustment, Mastery and the interdependence, are the most common attributes that pertain to existing problems, further hindrances include: information overload, language barrier, generation gap, technology gap, skill interdependence, formulation dependency, homesickness ( cultural ), infinite regress ( homesickness ), boredom ( job dependency ), response ability ( cultural skill set ).

When Born read the paper, he recognized the formulation as one which could be transcribed and extended to the systematic language of matrices, which he had learned from his study under Jakob Rosanes at Breslau University.

Part of the reason was that Heisenberg's formulation was in a strange new mathematical language, while Schrödinger's formulation was based on familiar wave equations.

The intuition mentioned above ( that constructions that can be carried out in D can be " lifted " to D < sup > C </ sup >) can be made precise in several ways ; the most succinct formulation uses the language of adjoint functors.

The fundamental theorem is stated in common language, but its formulation is based on mathematical reasoning.

The features of language as listed above are a dated formulation by Hockett in 1960.

Through this formulation Hockett made one of the earliest attempts to break down features of human language for the purpose of applying Darwinian gradualism.

A symbol or string of symbols may comprise a well-formed formula if the formulation is consistent with the formation rules of the language.

" In the language of the Church ’ s social teachings, development communication policies should lead to “ establishing new relationships in human society, under the mastery and guidance of truth, justice, charity and freedom — relations between individual citizens, between citizens and their respective States, between States, and finally between individuals, families, intermediate associations and States on the one hand, and the world community on the other .” In this way, the formulation of such communication policies could be performed based mainly on the developing world rhetoric of nation-building, but at the same time taking serious cognizance of its universal implication and global impact.

He points out that contributions were made by many individuals, and Clifford himself used the term “ geometric algebra ” which reflects the fact that this approach can be understood as a mathematical formulation of geometry, whereas, so Hestenes asserts, the term “ Clifford algebra ” is often regarded as simply “ just one more algebra among many other algebras ”, which withdraws attention from its role as a unified language for mathematics and physics.

The formulation requires the general notion of factor of automorphy j for Γ, which is a type of 1-cocycle in the language of group cohomology.