Turbocharging can improve the fuel economy of diesel engines by recovering waste heat from the exhaust, increasing the excess air factor, and increasing the ratio of engine output to friction losses.

This technology increases both performance and fuel economy.

The 1970s and ' 80s saw an increased interest in improved fuel economy which brought in a return to smaller V-6 and four-cylinder layouts, with as many as five valves per cylinder to improve efficiency.

The pre-2003 smuggling trade provided undocumented jobs to tens of thousands of Afghans and Pakistanis, but also helped fuel the black economy, often intertwined with the drug cartels, of both countries.

In the 1970s, turbofans replaced turbojets, improving fuel economy sufficiently that the last piston engined support aircraft could be replaced with jets, and making multi-role combat aircraft possible.

The imperial gallon is used in everyday life ( and in advertising ) in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and less frequently in Canada, including alongside litres per 100 km in advertisements and other official publications for expressing fuel economy figures in miles per gallon.

; Poor fuel economy: Even compared to other heavy passenger vehicles, Hummers without the Diesel engine options have very poor fuel economy.

Because the H2 is built to the over-8500-lb GVW class, its fuel economy is neither published by the U. S. EPA nor counted toward Corporate Average Fuel Economy.

When considering fuel economy in automobiles two measures are commonly used – miles per gallon ( mpg ), and litres per 100 km.

As the dimensions of these quantities are the inverse of each other ( one is distance per volume, the other volume per distance ) when taking the mean value of the fuel-economy of a range of cars one measure will produce the harmonic mean of the other – i. e. converting the mean value of fuel economy expressed in litres per 100 km to miles per gallon will produce the harmonic mean of the fuel economy expressed in miles-per-gallon.

It has a market economy in which the government plays a significant role by owning more than 164 enterprises and administers prices on several basic goods, including fuel, rice, and electricity.

Engine fuel economy is usually measured in the units of miles per gallon ( or fuel consumption in liters per 100 kilometers ) for automobiles.

Sometimes economy also plays a role in not only the cost of manufacturing the engine itself, but also manufacturing and distributing the fuel.

Increasing the engine's efficiency brings better fuel economy but only if the fuel cost per energy content is the same.

* Space propulsion systems with much better fuel economy.

A recent success towards greater fuel economy was the introduction of mass-produced Hybrid vehicles.

Some 500, 000 motorcycles were estimated to be operating in Mali in 2009, with two thirds of them inexpensive Chinese made cycles, known locally as " Jakarta " s, which boast better fuel economy but fewer safety features than more expensive Japanese or Western brands.

It was spoiled now for seed, and it would sour and mold in three days if they failed to find a place and fuel to dry it.

This project was started at a time when there was a critical need for a high-energy fuel to provide an extra margin of range for high performance aircraft, particularly our heavy bombers.

`` There was only one power control -- a valve to adjust the fuel flow.

Terracing, however, was only extensively employed after Incan imperial expansions to fuel their expanding realm.

In January 1972, three months before the planned April launch date, a fuel tank in the Command Module was accidentally damaged during a routine test.

The rocket was returned to the Vehicle Assembly Building, the fuel tank replaced and the rocket returned to the launch pad in February in time for the scheduled launch.

As a response armour plating was added to aircraft to protect aircrew and vulnerable areas such as fuel tanks and engine.

Until recent years the Air Force suffered somewhat from fuel shortages ; a problem which was overcome in 2008.

A single MiG-17F Fresco that was also operated by the FABF did see combat service in the Agacher Strip War in 1985-86, but proved expensive to operate in terms of fuel, maintenance, and pilot training requirements.

Furze / aiteann was also used for the May Boughs, May Bushes and as fuel for the bonfire.

What fuel there was went to panzer divisions, and even then they were not able to operate normally.

The fuel was a considerable operational problem, because fuelling the missile before launch took nearly half an hour, and was quite hazardous.

This problem was solved by re-designing the fuel injector.

The Ministry of Transport was created in 1905 during the Presidency of Rafael Reyes under the name of Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transporte or Ministry of Public Works and Transport with the main function of taking care of national assets issues, including mines, oil ( fuel ), patents and trade marks, railways, roads, bridges, national buildings and land without landowners.

If a 2, 000 ( lb / ac )/ year sequestration rate was achieved on all of cropland in the United States, nearly 1. 6 billion tons of carbon dioxide would be sequestered per year, mitigating close to one quarter of the country's total fossil fuel emissions.

The expected increase of fuel efficiency of the engine ( caused by the higher temperature, as shown by Carnot's theorem ) could not be verified experimentally ; it was found that the heat transfer on the hot ceramic cylinder walls is higher than the transfer to a cooler metal wall.

Climate also affects the supply of fuel for cooking ; a common Chinese food preparation method was cutting food into small pieces to cook foods quickly and conserve scarce firewood and charcoal.

William Aspdin's innovation was counterintuitive for manufacturers of " artificial cements ", because they required more lime in the mix ( a problem for his father ), a much higher kiln temperature ( and therefore more fuel ), and the resulting clinker was very hard and rapidly wore down the millstones, which were the only available grinding technology of the time.

It was suggested that fire suppression activities in southern California allowed more fuel to accumulate, which in turn led to larger fires ( in Baja, fires often burn without active suppression efforts ).

Many vehicles were destroyed or commandeered by militias, especially in the north and east of the country, and the fuel supply system was also badly affected.

Ireland had no significant sources of coal, the fuel of the time, and Dublin was not a centre of ship manufacturing, the other main driver of industrial development in Britain and Ireland.

Although officially classified as a torpedo boat in 1898 by the US Navy, the, a long all steel vessel displacing 165 tons, was described by her commander, LT. John C. Fremont, as "... a compact mass of machinery not meant to keep the sea nor to live in ... as five sevenths of the ship are taken up by machinery and fuel, whilst the remaining two sevenths, fore and aft, are the crew's quarters ; officers forward and the men placed aft.

Historically, utilization of forest products, including timber and fuel wood, has played a key role in human societies, comparable to the roles of water and cultivable land.

Palladium plays a key role in the technology used for fuel cells, which combine hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, heat, and water.

A key disadvantage to hydrocarbon fuels are their significant emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming, as well as other significant pollutants emitted by the dirtier fuel sources such as coal and gasoline.

The plan was unveiled in March 2010 at Crown Casino and incorporated several key changes to the internal workings of the car, with the differential, brakes, cooling and fuel systems all changed to a control-or identical-component for all cars, as well as changes to the rear suspension and engine.

Respiration is one of the key ways a cell gains useful energy to fuel cellular activity.

A key aspect of the hybrid engine is the " active chamber ", which is a compartment heating air via fuel doubling the energy output.

On 31 January 2012, CBN decided to maintain the key interest rate at 12 %, in order to reduce the impact of inflation due to reduction in fuel subsidies.

Funny car fuel systems are key to their immense power.

* February 11-Anthracite coal is first burned as fuel by Jesse Fell in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania ; the discovery leads to the use of coal as a key fuel source of the industrial revolution in the United States.

To meet emission standards in the USA, a key target market, the troublesome mechanical fuel injection was dropped in favour of dual Zenith-Stromberg 175 CDSE carburettors.

Modern fuel economy standards, along with environmentalism has also been a key factor in retiring the Grumman LLVs for the mail delivery services.

New standard items include an express-down module for the driver's window, electronic oil-life indicator, a more powerful Delco Freedom II battery, a revised factory warranty, and GM's PASS ( Passive Automotive Security System ) KEY theft-deterrent system, which activated the fuel system based upon a coded pellet within the ignition key.

Although damaged, the tanker, a key part of the convoy, was towed into Grand Harbour to deliver the vital fuel on 15 August 1942 to enable Malta to continue functioning as an important Allied base, a major Allied strategic success.

Additionally, injectors are also usually key in reducing thermal loads on the nozzle ; by increasing the proportion of fuel around the edge of the chamber, this gives much lower temperatures on the walls of the nozzle.

As a theft-deterrent, Allanté added GM's Pass Key ( Personal Automotive Security System ), utilizing a resistor pellet within the ignition key that has the ability to render the fuel system and starter inoperative if an incorrect ignition key is used.

Hot-wiring generally involves connecting the two wires which complete the circuit when the key is in the " on " position ( turning on the fuel pump and other necessary components ), then touching the wire that connects to the starter.

Respiration is one of the key ways a cell gains useful energy to fuel cellular activity.

The buildup of the fission product poisons is a key factor in determining the maximum duration a given fuel element can be kept within the reactor.

Renowned for his work on gasoline prices, McTeague has devoted much effort on pinpointing the causes ( s ) of rising fuel prices, going as far as predicting accurately on his website gas prices the day before they are posted in key markets in Quebec and Ontario.

The 25 was one of the first cars designed from the start for aerodynamic efficiency ; its drag coefficient ( C < sub > d </ sub >) was 0. 31, a key factor in improving fuel economy.

: The AEMP's telematics data standard was developed to allow end users to integrate key telematics data ( operating hours, location, fuel consumed, and odometer reading where applicable ) into their existing fleet management reporting systems.

By concentrating on the key data elements that drive the majority of fleet management reports ( hours, miles, location, fuel consumption ), making those data elements available in a standardized xml format, and standardizing the means by which the document is retrieved, the standard allows the end user to use one API to retrieve data from any participating telematics provider.

Panzerdivision, whose mission was to proceed by secondary roads via Monaville ( just northwest of Bastogne ) to seize a key highway and capture, among other objectives, fuel dumps — for the lack of which the overall German counter-offensive faltered and failed.