Idealists are skeptics about the physical world, maintaining either: 1 ) that nothing exists outside the mind, or 2 ) that we would have no access to a mind-independent reality even if it may exist ; the latter case often takes the form of a denial of the idea that we can have unconceptualised experiences ( see Myth of the Given ).

In the United States, public school teacher unions, most notably the National Education Association ( the largest labor union in the USA ), argue against the idea of school vouchers for concern that it would erode educational standards and reduce funding, and that giving money to parents who choose to send their child to a religious or other school is unconstitutional ; however, the latter issue has been struck down by the Supreme Court case Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, which upheld Ohio's voucher plan in a 5-4 ruling.

In the latter half of his career Hayek made a number of contributions to social and political philosophy, which he based on his views on the limits of human knowledge, and the idea of spontaneous order in social institutions.

This latter idea — placing Hamlet far earlier than the generally accepted date, with a much longer period of development — has attracted some support, though others dismiss it as speculation.

The latter idea was scrapped by the marketing department before release.

From the latter half of 1937, Ribbentrop had championed the idea of an alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan that would partition the British Empire between them.

In the De Praescriptione he develops as its fundamental idea that, in a dispute between the Church and a separating party, the whole burden of proof lies with the latter, as the Church, in possession of the unbroken tradition, is by its very existence a guarantee of its truth.

The latter found this idea unflattering at best.

Contemporary devices that lend some support to this latter idea include mobile phones, digital audio players, radio-frequency identification tags, GPS, and interactive whiteboards.

Critics of the latter idea point out that the half-life of Pu-240 is 6, 560 years and Pu-239 is 24, 110 years, and thus the relative enrichment of one isotope to the other with time occurs with a half-life of 9, 000 years ( that is, it takes 9000 years for the fraction of Pu-240 in a sample of mixed plutonium isotopes, to spontaneously decrease by half — a typical enrichment needed to turn reactor-grade into weapons-grade Pu ).

Powell advocated the privatisation of the Post Office and the telephone network as early as 1964, over 20 years before the latter actually took place ; and he both scorned the idea of " consensus politics " and wanted the Conservative Party to become a modern business-like party, freed from its old aristocratic and " old boy network " associations.

Obsessed with the idea of self-mutilation and suicide, Foucault would attempt the latter several times in ensuing years, and praised the act of killing oneself in a number of his later writings.

In the 17th century, Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz independently discovered the idea that integration was roughly the inverse operation of differentiation, the latter being a way of measuring how quickly a function changed at any given point on the graph.

Although these latter conclusions were not substantiated by Zoroastrian tradition, at the time Haug's interpretation was gratefully accepted by the Parsis of Bombay since it provided a defense against Christian missionary rhetoric, particularly the attacks on the Zoroastrian idea of an uncreated Evil that was as uncreated as God was.

These latter reflect the idea that the marginal social benefit should equal the marginal social cost, that is that production should be increased only as long as the marginal social benefit exceeds the marginal social cost.

These latter again reflect the idea that the marginal social benefit should equal the marginal social cost, i. e., that production should be increased as long as the marginal social benefit exceeds the marginal social cost.

Although his idea was to travel to Braga, he was forced to pass through Hippo as it is known that he delivered letters from Jerome to Saint Augustine, it is also generally agreed that he passed through Jerusalem and Alexandria, although it is not known if he visited the latter on his outward journey, on his return journey or on both occasions.

There are other theories, from a sudden death to a range of legends that talk of Orosius ’ s final arrival in Hispania and his founding of a monastery near to Cabo de Palos where he ended his days, although this latter idea now seems improbable.

Schafer had begun work on the game soon after completing Full Throttle in June, though he conceived the idea of Day of the Dead-themed adventure before production on the latter began.

Mr. Milne (" Billy " to one and all who knew him ) started at once with his idea and by the latter part of the summer of 1909 had formed a troop of Boy Scouts with about a dozen boys from the Sunday School Class of the First Baptist Church, Barre, Vermont, Mr. James Grearson, teacher.

The latter criticism probably suggested to Arnold the idea of attempting a second narrative poem of which the central figure should be Jesus, the founder of Christianity, as the founder of Buddhism had been that of the first.

" The idea of evolutionary progress was subjected to some fierce criticism in the latter part of the twentieth century.

( The latter idea gave us the notion of so-called rational expectations.

Kennedy pounced, portraying the former idea as soft on communism and the latter diagnosis as a scheme to bus tens of thousands of ghetto residents into white, conservative Orange County.

The latter can be eaten alone or on top of cakes, alfajores, panqueques ( creppes ), and pastries, or as a topping spread over flan.

The latter in particular has spread widely, and there are now over a hundred Camphill communities and other anthroposophical homes for children and adults in need of special care in about 22 countries around the world.

This humiliating treaty, the contemporary spread of plague with its devastating effects and the chaotic situation in the East with the Sassanian invasions left Gallus with a very bad reputation amongst the latter Roman historians.

He notes that the order came to Denmark in the latter half of the 12th century and during the next centuries spread to major cities, like Odense, Viborg, Horsens, Ribe and their headquarters in Slagelse, so by the time of the Baltic crusade, the symbol was already a known symbol in Denmark.

In contrast, frequency-hopping spread spectrum pseudo-randomly re-tunes the carrier, instead of adding pseudo-random noise to the data, the latter process results in a uniform frequency distribution whose width is determined by the output range of the pseudorandom number generator.

There were approximately 25 major famines spread through states such as Tamil Nadu in the south, and Bihar and Bengal in the east during the latter half of the 19th century.

At the end of the latter, the oceanic food web had undergone a period of upheaval due to extinction of considerable numbers of marine species ; subsequently, the spread of marine mammals seems to have prevented seabirds from reaching their erstwhile diversity.

In the latter part of the 15th century Heki Danjō Masatsugu revolutionized archery with his new and accurate approach called hi, kan, chū ( fly, pierce, center ), and his footman's archery spread rapidly.

Pollen records show that pine was present locally in southern England by 9, 000 years ago having entered from northeast France and that it had spread as far north as the Lake District and North Pennines 500 years latter.

This latter threat is less likely, but a fire in a branch will be virtually impossible to put out without firefighting equipment, and may spread more quickly than a ground fire.

In general, evidence suggests the range and population of the Australian Magpie has increased with land-clearing, although local declines in Queensland due to a 1902 drought, and in Tasmania in the 1930s have been noted ; the cause for the latter is unclear but rabbit baiting, pine tree removal, and spread of the Masked Lapwing ( Vanellus miles ) have been implicated.

As an eyewitness he gives a clear description in fluent Latin of Vicelinus's missionary labors, of the founding of the bishopric in Oldenburg, of the transfer of this bishopric to Lübeck when German commerce at the latter place had become more important than in the former city, of the spread of German influence among the Wends, of the merciless subjugation and extermination of these, and of the summoning to their lands of foreign settlers, principally Westphalian and Dutch.

In the 1850s, miasma was used to explain the spread of cholera in London and in Paris, partly justifying Haussmann's latter renovation of the French capital.

As these types of personal prayers within the Mass spread, the institution of the Low Mass became quite common, where priests would hire their services out to perform various Masses for the needs of their clients — such as blessing crops or cattle, achieving success in some enterprise, obtaining love, or cursing enemies ( one way this latter was done was by inserting the enemy's name in a Mass for the dead, accompanied by burying an image of the enemy ).

Only the fortified Ceoris, in the Southern Carpathians in Transylvania, survived, but the Tremere soon spread again and founded strongholds in Prague and Vienna ( the latter was to become their main center of power ), with smaller chantries elsewhere ( such as the one in Perugia, in central Italy ).

Sweelinck's influence spread as far as Sweden and England, carried to the former by Andreas Düben and to the latter by English composers such as Peter Philips, who probably met Sweelinck in 1593.

The latter is described as being spread over more than 100 islands, the largest of which is Shongao, with an area of, described as being shaped like a sword.

The Nichiren Shū first spread overseas with Japanese immigrants to the United States, then Kingdom of Hawaii, Brazil and other locations in the latter half of the 19th century and the early 20th century.

Although today it is almost indistinguishable from the urban spread of the latter town.

However, unlike the latter species, the long-tailed weasel never crossed the land bridge, and did not spread into Eurasia.

This latter, even when the group spread apart, continued to publish books even when the original group was no longer present.

The latter publication was perhaps the triggering event in the spread of the fortepiano to German-speaking countries ( see below ).

Throughout the summer and latter half of 2002, as word of the site spread, it received ever-growing press coverage, including mentions on CNN, a spot on The Today Show, and articles in various domestic and international newspapers and magazines.

is considered by many the father of modern karate, although this title is also often given to Gichin Funakoshi because the latter spread karate throughout Japan.