This refusal to accept any renunciation of allegiance to the Crown led to conflict with the United States over impressment, and then led to further conflicts even during the War of 1812, when thirteen Irish American prisoners of war were executed as traitors after the Battle of Queenston Heights ; Winfield Scott urged American reprisal, but none was carried out.

soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT ; energy blockade, the result of conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood ; pollution of Hrazdan ( Razdan ) and Araks Rivers ; the draining of Sevana Lich ( Lake Sevan ), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies ; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant without adequate ( IAEA-recommended ) safety and backup systems

Although the increased contact brought by trade between the Japanese and the Ainu contributed to increased mutual understanding, sometimes it led to conflict, occasionally intensifying into violent Ainu revolts, of which the most important was Shakushain's Revolt ( 1669 – 1672 ).

These actions led to a serious diplomatic conflict between the pope and Portugal.

He continued to lead the conflict against the Arians for the rest of his life and was engaged in theological and political struggles against the Emperors Constantine the Great and Constantius II and powerful and influential Arian churchmen, led by Eusebius of Nicomedia and others.

This led the key figure in organizing the resistance, Paul Kruger, into conflict with the British.

While the presence of a long-term professional minister has sometimes created " significant de facto ministerial authority " and led to conflict between the minister and the elders, the eldership has remained the " ultimate locus of authority in the congregation ".

This conflict eventually led to the destruction of her family, with Caligula as the sole male survivor.

Furthermore, chronic economic mismanagement and internal conflict has led to serious under-investment over many years.

Furthermore, chronic economic mismanagement and internal conflict has led to serious under-investment over many years.

This inherent conflict led to establishing the NIC as its own group, led by Elizabeth J. Feinler.

Some of the new king's policies, however, led to conflict with France, thus damaging prosperous trade relationships for Defoe, who had established himself as a merchant.

A modern revelation that resulted in some " disaffection " and " led to intense conflict in scattered areas of the RLDS Church " is contained in the Community of Christ version's Section 156, presented by Prophet-President Wallace B. Smith and added in 1984, which called for construction of the Independence Temple and the ordination of women to the priesthood, among other changes.

Originally, these privileges and immunities were granted on a bilateral, ad hoc basis, which led to misunderstandings and conflict, pressure on weaker states, and an inability for other states to judge which party was at fault.

However the start of the Eritrean-Ethiopian War led to Sudan and Ethiopia put this conflict between them and normalizing their relations by November 1999 when president Omar Hassan al-Bashir made a formal visit to Addis Ababa.

Soon after his enthronement, Saga himself took ill. Emperor Saga's untimely health problems provided former-Emperor Heizei with a unique opportunity to foment a rebellion ; however, forces loyal to Emperor Saga, led by taishōgun Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, quickly defeated the Heizei rebels which thus limited the adverse consequences which would have followed any broader conflict.

Internal political upheaval eventually led to 23 years of nearly continuous conflict in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

Social, political, and economic upheaval in the wake of the conflict led to the Second World War, in which the Allies were defeated in the Battle of France and the French government surrendered and was replaced with an authoritarian regime.

Nevertheless the Carthaginian faction that opposed the conflict, led by the land-owning aristocrat Hanno the Great, gained power and in 244 BC, and considering the war to be over, started the demobilization of the fleet, giving the Romans a chance to again attain naval superiority.

Hanno the Great tried to induce the disbanded armies to accept diminished payment, but kindled a movement that led to an internal conflict, the Mercenary War.

It was this expansion that led to the Second Punic War when Carthage besieged the Roman protected town of Saguntum in 218 BC, igniting a conflict with Rome.

The collapse of the Russian Empire following the February and October Revolutions of 1917 spurred the collapse of the Grand Duchy of Finland, and the resultant power vacuum led to bitter conflict between the left-leaning labor movement, led by the Social Democrats, and more conservative non-socialists.

those watching the growing rivalry between craft unions and industrial unions may recognize all the pressures that led to the big labor split in 1935.

The evident contradiction between the rosy picture of Russia's progress painted by the Communist party's program and the enormous dangers for all humanity posed by Premier Khrushchev's Berlin policy has already led to speculation abroad that the program may be severely altered.

This push to confine the study of mass behaviour to the measurements of parameters involved in differential equations has led sociology perilously close to the reduction of the word `` mass '' to mean a small group in which certain relations between all pairs of individuals in such a group can be studied.

Balanced properly between optimism and practicality, the nondefeatist attitude of the shell people led them to extricate themselves, their ships and personnel, from bizarre situations.

The popularity and reputation of the cricket series has led to other sports or games, and / or their followers, using the name " Ashes " for contests between England and Australia.

These contacts and the common plight subsequently led to a rapprochement between the Western supporters of the Nicene creed and the homoousios and the Eastern semi-Arians.

This eventually led to a rift between the two artists.

Lists of phenomena, from the contemplation of which " the savage " was led to believe in animism, have been given by Sir E. B. Tylor, Herbert Spencer, Andrew Lang, and others ; a controversy arose between the former as to the priority of their respective lists.

Warfare between city states had led to a population decline, from which Akkad provided a temporary respite.

The years of his minority featured an embittered struggle for the control of affairs between two rival parties, the one led by Walter Comyn, Earl of Menteith, the other by Alan Durward, Justiciar of Scotia.

In 1255 an interview between the English and Scottish kings at Kelso led to Menteith and his party losing to Durward's party.

The neighbouring kingdom considered that the newly acquired lands of the Algarve should be Castilian, not Portuguese, which led to a series of wars between the two kingdoms.

Civil war between King Pedro of Castile and his half-brother Henry of Trastámara led to the exile of many Castilian nobles to Portugal.

This led to the third cause of instability of worth, the " Independence of the American Kingdoms ," recognized between 1823 and 1850.

At last, led to the Hippodrome of Constantinople, he was hung up by the feet between two pillars, and two Latin soldiers competed as to whose sword would penetrate his body more deeply, and finally his body, according to the representation of his death, was torn apart.

More recent observations made in the laboratory of antibiosis between micro-organisms led to the discovery of natural antibacterials produced by microorganisms.

The appearance of EtherTalk also led to a problem-networks with new and old Macs needed some way to communicate between each other.

In 1975, the " Islamic Society " split between supporters of Massoud and Rabbani, who led the Jamiat-i Islami, and elements surrounding Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, who then founded the Hezb-i Islami.

Ballard's 1975 novel High Rise featured a luxury arcology in which disparity between social classes among the residents eventually led to widespread anarchy and a reversion to primitive archetypes.

This situation led finally to an " inconclusive " duel between Pike and Roane on July 29, 1847 near Fort Smith, Arkansas.

The high industrialization led to high population growth in the 18tf century, for example between 1764 – 98, the population grew by 35 %, far more than in other parts of the canton.

In 1684, the outbreak of the Morean War between Venice and the Ottoman Empire led to the temporary reconquest of a large part of the country by the Republic.

This first widely-publicised flight led to a more organized effort between aviators and scientists, leading the way to modern aerodynamics.