* 1659 – At the Battle of Konotop the Ukrainian armies of Ivan Vyhovsky defeat the Russians led by Prince Trubetskoy.

By the late 18th century, a number of defeats in several wars with Russia led some people in the Ottoman Empire to conclude that the reforms of " Deli Petro " ( Peter the Mad, as Peter the Great was known in Turkey ) had given the Russians an edge, and the Ottomans would have to keep up with Western technology in order to avoid further defeats.

Another explanation for the Eastern European adoption of SECAM, led by the Soviet Union, is that the Russians had extremely long distribution lines between broadcasting stations and transmitters.

The Russians, led by Lascy, quickly took Warsaw and installed Augustus, forcing Stanisław to flee to Danzig ( present-day Gdańsk ), where he was besieged for some time by a Russian-Saxon army that came under the overall command of Field Marshal Burkhard Christoph von Münnich.

Powell further claimed that even if nuclear weapons had not existed, the Russians would still not have invaded Western Europe: " What has prevented that from happening was ... the fact that the Soviet Union knew ... that such an action on its part would have led to a third world war -— a long war, bitterly fought, a war which in the end the Soviet Union would have been likely to lose on the same basis and in the same way as the corresponding war was lost by Napoleon, by the Emperor Wilhelm and by Adolf Hitler.

The Russians ' rule led to rapid development of industry and railways which overcame its isolation.

In several successful raids led by Marshal Munich, the Russians broke the resistance of the Crimean Khanate, crossed the Dniester into Moldavia and in 1739 marched as far as the Moldavian capital of Iaşi ( Jassy ), which they captured.

Meanwhile, a fourth ship, the Bolsheretsk was constructed and Spangberg ( having identified some 30 Kuril Islands on his first trip ) led the four ships on a second voyage, which saw the first Russians land in Japan.

In 1877, during the Russian-Turkish War, a mission from the Samara city government Duma led by Pyotr V. Alabin, as a symbol of spiritual solidarity, brought a banner tailored in Samara pierced with bullets and saturated with the blood of both Russians and Bulgarians, to Bulgaria, which has become a symbol of Russian-Bulgarian friendship.

Charles expected the support of a massive Cossack rebellion led by Mazepa in Ukraine, with estimates suggesting Mazepa of being able to muster some 40, 000 troops, but the Russians subjugated the rebellion and destroyed its capital Baturin before the arrival of the Swedish troops.

At one crucial point, a bridge over the Narova river collapsed under retreating Russian troops: The stampede led to the overall losses of 6, 000 – 18, 000 dead Russians, depending on sources.

General Jean-Andoche Junot led the Westphalians to join the attack and again captured Utiza, which however was set on fire by the departing Russians.

Alexander led his army to Finland and successfully routed the Swedes, who had made another attempt to block the Baltic Sea from the Russians in 1256.

The Russians, led by Konstantin Kaufman, Mikhail Skobelev, and Mikhail Chernyayev, continued to advance steadily southward through Central Asia towards Afghanistan, and by 1865 Tashkent had been formally annexed.

The Russians launched a second attack, also on the Second Division's left flank, but this time in much larger numbers and led by Soymonov himself.

The debate over independence ultimately led to a small-scale civil war since 1992, in which the Russians supported the opposition forces against Dzhokhar Dudayev.

Paget's 4th Light Dragoons were next to reach the line of cannon, engaging in some ' fierce hand-to-hand encounters ' with the surviving gunners, before he too led his regiment after the fleeing Russians.

Due to Swedish inaction Russians seized the initiative and struck first with army of 16 000 men under Field-Marshal Peter Lacy advanced from Vyborg (, ) towards Villmanstrand () and using nearly four fold superiority in numbers inflicted a major defeat on the Swedish garrison led by General Carl Henrik Wrangel.

According to the BBC, the plot, initially unearthed by the Russians, led President Vladimir Putin to request that an FBI agent go to St. Petersburg, where the agent posed as an Islamic extremist and met the British arms dealer supplying the missile.

He led an army against the Russians, but the siege of Glukhov was not successful, and a new Cossack uprising of Ivan Sirko forced the Polish troops to fall back.

The Soviet Union also organized Polish units in the Red Army and a Polish Communist government-in-exile, however these organisations were Polish in name only and led by non-Poles, Russians in the case of the " Polish Army ".

Through the Treaty of San Stefano, the Russians, led by chancellor Alexander Gorchakov, had managed to create a Bulgarian autonomous principality under the nominal rule of the Ottoman Empire, thus sparking British well-entrenched fears of growing Russian influence in the East.

From this area, Lt. William A. Knowlton led a force eastward to make contact with the Russians.

At first Russians were content to trade with the natives, exchanging things like pots, axes, and beads for the prized sables that the natives did not value, but greater demand for furs led to violence and force becoming the primary means of obtaining the furs.

In affirming this we have already taken the decisive step in breaking the deadlock into which Bultmann's attempt to formulate such a theology has led.

In the later 19th century the issue of Irish Home Rule led to a split among the Liberals, with a minority breaking away to form the Liberal Unionists in 1886.

This eventually led to the Third Estate breaking away from the Estates-General and, joined by members of the other estates, proclaiming the creation of the National Assembly, an assembly not of the Estates but of " the People.

One of them begins by telling of a calf breaking free from being led to slaughter.

The incident led to the breaking off of diplomatic relations between the United Kingdom and Libya for over a decade.

In 1963, LEO Computers Ltd was merged into English Electric Company and this led to the breaking up of the team that had inspired LEO computers.

That season, Adrian Peterson led the NFL with 1760 rushing yards, breaking the franchise.

This has led to a number of proposed mechanisms for symmetry breaking that favour the creation of normal matter ( as opposed to antimatter ) under certain conditions.

When the stress nearly led to his program breaking down, Captain Janeway had his memories of these events deleted.

Still, Young again led the league in passing during the 1994 regular season with a passer rating of 112. 8, breaking Montana's record for the highest regular season rating in NFL history.

The tension reached a breaking point in July 1905 when the Matumbi of Nandete led by Kinjikitile Ngwale revolted against the local administrators ( akida ) and suddenly the revolt grew wider from Dar Es Salaam to the Uluguru Mountains, the Kilombero Valley, the Mahenge and Makonde Plateaux, the Ruvuma in the southernmost part and Kilwa, Songea, Masasi, and from Kilosa to Iringa down to the eastern shores of Lake Nyasa.

Confederate cavalry raiders Bedford Forrest and Earl Van Dorn stalled Grant's advance by breaking communications, while the Confederate army led by John C. Pemberton concentrated and repulsed Sherman's direct approach at Chickasaw Bayou.

His presidency led to the breaking off of a Syrian-Iraqi unification, which had been sought under his predecessor Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and would lead to the Iran – Iraq War starting in the 1980s.

* Third Servile War begins with gladiators, led by the Thracian Spartacus, breaking out of a gladiatorial training school in Capua and forming an army, made up of runaway slaves and others with little to lose.

At a meeting in Balamand, Lebanon in June 1993, the Joint International Commission for the Theological Dialogue between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church declared that these initiatives that " led to the union of certain communities with the See of Rome and brought with them, as a consequence, the breaking of communion with their Mother Churches of the East … took place not without the interference of extra-ecclesial interests "; and that what has been called " uniatism " " can no longer be accepted either as a method to be followed nor as a model of the unity our Churches are seeking " ( section 12 ).

" He vowed never again to exhibit at the Salon, and his refusal to return to Paris led to the breaking up of his engagement.

** September – Battle of Alesia: Caesar defeat the Gauls led by Vercingetorix, breaking the back of the Gallic insurrection.

The first movements to screen the retreat were undertaken by forces led by Fang Zhimin, breaking through Kuomintang lines in June 1934.

McCoughtry led her team to the Finals for the second straight year, but despite breaking her own Finals scoring record, the Dream was swept for the second straight year, this time by the Minnesota Lynx, which won its first title behind a fully healthy Seimone Augustus.

This resulted in his family breaking into two groups, the one led by DiGregorio, and the other headed by Bonanno and his son, Salvatore.

Tilden led the reform movement in the Democratic Party when the ring was breaking up.

This and the subsequent attack by Orcs led to the breaking of the Fellowship.

The hosts of Mordor, led by the dreaded Witch King of Angmar, succeed in breaking through the gates of Minas Tirith, but are in turn crushed by the arriving cavalry of Rohan.

After some encouragement and some temporary setbacks, he seemed on the verge of breaking into theatrical composition when Paris was convulsed by the 1848 revolution, which swept Louis Philippe from the throne and led to serious bloodshed in the streets of the capital.

This crisis led to the advent of Fascism, which destroyed freedoms and civil rights and established a dictatorship, breaking the continuity of the still fragile new parliamentary tradition.