However, in more abstract and complicated CPUs and ISAs, a microprogram is often used to assist in translating instructions into various configuration signals for the CPU.

The algorithm for the microprogram control unit is usually specified by flowchart description.

The main advantage of the microprogram control unit is the simplicity of its structure.

A control store is the part of a CPU's control unit that stores the CPU's microprogram.

Even when the majority of the control store is stored in ROM of some sort, computer vendors often sell writeable control store as an option, allowing the customers to customize the machine's microprogram.

Writing microcode is often called microprogramming and the microcode in a particular processor implementation is sometimes called a microprogram.

After the microprogram is finalized, and extensively tested, it is sometimes used as the input to a computer program that constructs logic to produce the same data.

The Memory Address Register is half of a minimal interface between a microprogram and computer storage.

The Memory Data Register is half of a minimal interface between a microprogram and computer storage, the other half is a memory address register.

A microassembler is a computer program that helps prepare a microprogram to control the low level operation of a computer in much the same way an assembler helps prepare higher level code for a processor.

The difference is that the microprogram is usually only developed by the processor manufacturer and works intimately with the computer hardware.

The microprogram implements the operations of the instruction set in which any normal program ( including both application programs and operating systems ) is written.

After it is assembled, the microprogram is then loaded to a control store to become part of the logic of a CPU's control unit.

In the process of microcode assembly it is helpful to verify the microprogram with emulating tools before distribution.

Microprograms are carefully designed and optimized for the fastest possible execution, since a slow microprogram would yield a slow machine instruction which would in turn cause all programs using that instruction to be slow.

Microcode simplified the job by allowing much of the processor's behaviour and programming model to be defined via microprogram routines rather than by dedicated circuitry.

Microprogramming also reduced the cost of field changes to correct defects ( bugs ) in the processor ; a bug could often be fixed by replacing a portion of the microprogram rather than by changes being made to hardware logic and wiring.

* The IBM System / 360 Model 30 could be ordered with a 1401 compatibility microprogram feature.

A simulator program executes the bits in the same way as the electronics ( hopefully ), and allows much more freedom to debug the microprogram.

Key CPU architectural innovations include index register, cache, virtual memory, instruction pipelining, superscalar, CISC, RISC, virtual machine, emulators, microprogram, and stack.

Each microinstruction in a microprogram provides the bits which control the functional elements that internally compose a CPU.

To facilitate this improvement, IBM utilized the concept of a microprogram ( often called " microcode "), which still sees widespread usage in modern CPUs.

WCS offered several advantages including the ease of patching the microprogram and, for certain hardware generations, faster access than ROMs could provide.

He was responsible for extending the 80286 architecture and instruction set to 32-bit, and then led the microprogram development for the 80386 chip.

The elements composing a microprogram exist on a lower conceptual level than a normal application program.

His initial implementation consisted of a pair of matrices, the first one generated signals in the manner of the Whirlwind control store, while the second matrix selected which row of signals ( the microprogram instruction word, as it were ) to invoke on the next cycle.

:* The Model 25 was unique among System / 360 models in using the top 16k bytes of core storage to hold the control storage for the microprogram.

:* The Model 30, the slowest model in the line, used an 8-bit microarchitecture with only a few hardware registers ; everything that the programmer saw was emulated by the microprogram.

In a typical implementation a horizontal microprogram word comprises fairly tightly defined groups of bits.

He thought of the jungles below him, and of the wild, strange, untracked beauty there and he promised himself that someday he would return, on foot perhaps, to hunt in this last corner of the world where man is sometimes himself the hunted, and animals the lords.

Isfahan became more of a legend than a place, and now it is for many people simply a name to which they attach their notions of old Persia and sometimes of the East.

If his dancers are sometimes made to look as if they might be creatures from Mars, this is consistent with his intention of placing them in the orbit of another world, a world in which they are freed of their pedestrian identities.

In a bold, sometimes careless, form there is nothing academic ; ;

In the incessant struggle with recalcitrant political fact he learns to focus the essence of a problem in the significant detail, and to articulate the distinctions which clarify the detail as significant, with what is sometimes astounding rapidity.

This text from Dr. Huxley is sometimes used by enthusiasts to indicate that they have the permission of the scientists to press the case for a wonderful unfoldment of psychic powers in human beings.

The problem is rather to find out what is actually happening, and this is especially difficult for the reason that `` we are busily being defended from a knowledge of the present, sometimes by the very agencies -- our educational system, our mass media, our statesmen -- on which we have had to rely most heavily for understanding of ourselves ''.

It is true that this distinction between style and idea often approaches the arbitrary since in the end we must admit that style and content frequently influence or interpenetrate one another and sometimes appear as expressions of the same insight.

On the other hand, the bright vision of the future has been directly stated in science fiction concerned with projecting ideal societies -- science fiction, of course, is related, if sometimes distantly, to that utopian literature optimistic about science, literature whose period of greatest vigor in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries produced Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward and H. G. Wells's A Modern Utopia.

One is that there sometimes are real although inadequate compensations in growing old.

So far as I am concerned, the child is unmistakably father to the man, despite the obvious fact that child and father differ greatly -- sometimes for the better and sometimes for the worse.

It was responsible and sometimes dangerous work because the thieving is awful in the port of New York.

He could no longer build anything, whether a private residence in his Pennsylvania county or a church in Brazil, without it being obvious that he had done it, and while here and there he was taken to task for again developing the same airy technique, they were such fanciful and sometimes even playful buildings that the public felt assured by its sense of recognition after a time, a quality of authentic uniqueness about them, which, once established by an artist as his private vision, is no longer disputable as to its other values.

For he knows that the first and sometimes most difficult job is to know what the question is -- that when it is accurately identified it sometimes answers itself, and that the way in which it is posed frequently shapes the answer.

Displacement is sometimes referred to as `` swept volume ''.