An axiomatic approach to Kolmogorov complexity based on Blum axioms ( Blum 1967 ) was introduced by Mark Burgin in the paper presented for publication by Andrey Kolmogorov ( Burgin 1982 ).

From about 1955 he started to work on sheaf theory and homological algebra, producing the influential " Tôhoku paper " ( Sur quelques points d ' algèbre homologique, published in 1957 ) where he introduced Abelian categories and applied their theory to show that sheaf cohomology can be defined as certain derived functors in this context.

To store matte information, the concept of an alpha channel was introduced by Alvy Ray Smith in the late 1970s, and fully developed in a 1984 paper by Thomas Porter and Tom Duff.

The term was coined by Michael Dummett, who introduced it in his paper Realism to re-examine a number of classical philosophical disputes involving such doctrines as nominalism, conceptual realism, idealism and phenomenalism.

It was introduced by Massee because, as a female, Potter could not attend proceedings or read her paper.

In Europe, paper money was first introduced in Sweden in 1661.

It was introduced in 1971 by Stephen Cook in his seminal paper " The complexity of theorem proving procedures " and is considered by many to be the most important open problem in the field.

One of the earliest, and probably the most well-known, is DIN 476 — the standard that introduced the A-series paper sizes in 1922 — adopted in 1975 as International Standard ISO 216.

Evolutionarily stable strategies were defined and introduced by John Maynard Smith and George R. Price in a 1973 Nature paper.

The government founded banks ; introduced paper money ; established a university ; expanded primary, secondary, and technical schools ; and sent students abroad for education.

This paper introduced what is now called the ring of Gaussian integers, the set of all complex numbers a + bi where a and b are integers.

More than one century after Euler's paper on the bridges of Königsberg and while Listing introduced topology, Cayley was led by the study of particular analytical forms arising from differential calculus to study a particular class of graphs, the trees.

In particular, the term " graph " was introduced by Sylvester in a paper published in 1878 in Nature, where he draws an analogy between " quantic invariants " and " co-variants " of algebra and molecular diagrams:

He published a paper that introduced the theory of data-flow analysis used today in optimizing compilers,

In Shannon's revolutionary and groundbreaking paper, the work for which had been substantially completed at Bell Labs by the end of 1944, Shannon for the first time introduced the qualitative and quantitative model of communication as a statistical process underlying information theory, opening with the assertion that

The concept was introduced by Claude E. Shannon in his 1948 paper " A Mathematical Theory of Communication ".

Its use in Egypt continued until it was replaced by more inexpensive paper introduced by Arabs.

Hamilton's program was started in his 1982 paper in which he introduced the Ricci flow on a manifold and showed how to use it to prove some special cases of the Poincaré conjecture.

" This definition was introduced in the paper in which Stevens proposed four levels of measurement.

However, as already mentioned in the original paper of Franz Wegner, a solid state theorist who introduced 1971 simple gauge invariant lattice models, the high-temperature behaviour of the original model, e. g. the strong decay of correlations at large distances, corresponds to the low-temperature behaviour of the ( usually ordered!

Dijkstra wrote his seminal paper, " Go To Statement Considered Harmful ", in 1968 and David Parnas introduced the key concept of modularity and information hiding in 1972 to help programmers deal with the ever increasing complexity of software systems.

With Richard Lewontin, Gould wrote an influential 1979 paper entitled, " The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm ", which introduced the architectural term " spandrel " into evolutionary biology.

It was introduced in Einstein's 1905 paper " On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies " ( for the contributions of many other physicists see History of special relativity ).

This news group introduced a new paper, Naya Akhbar which is comparably more sensational.

Aug. 4, 1821, nearly a century after Benjamin Franklin founded the Pennsylvania Gazette -- a century during which it had undergone several changes in ownership and a few brief suspensions in publication -- this paper made its first appearance as the Saturday Evening Post.

While there may be several such industries to which the model of this paper is applicable, the authors make particular claim of relevance to the explanation of the course of wages and prices in the steel industry of the United States since World War 2.

The paper has been found to be unconvincing by several authors and organizations.

After several years of research and concern, a team of scientists headed by Jerry Bromenshenk published a paper in October 2010 saying that a new DNA-based virus, invertebrate iridescent virus or IIV6, and the fungus Nosema ceranae were found in every killed colony the group studied.

They established the principles and basic techniques of partition chromatography, and their work encouraged the rapid development of several chromatographic methods: paper chromatography, gas chromatography, and what would become known as high performance liquid chromatography.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, there were several watermills which ground corn and made paper, with 13 mills on the Yeo at the peak, declining to seven by 1791 and just three by 1915.

He published several poems, book reviews, critiques, and stories in the paper.

His paper was followed by his 1944 book Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, with Oskar Morgenstern, which considered cooperative games of several players.

It was programmable via punched paper tape, and contained several calculation units working in parallel.

Later versions contained several paper tape readers and the machine could switch between readers based on a condition.

The rate at which the writing fades is based on several factors, such as proportions of ink ingredients, amount deposited on the paper, and paper composition ( Barrow 1972: 16 ).

Madison objected to a specific bill of rights for several reasons: he thought it was unnecessary, since it purported to protect against powers that the federal government had not been granted ; that it was dangerous, since enumeration of some rights might be taken to imply the absence of other rights ; and that at the state level, bills of rights had proven to be useless paper barriers against government powers.

Whilst editor of the paper, Marx and the other revolutionary socialists were regularly harassed by the police, and Marx was brought to trial on several occasions, facing various allegations including insulting the Chief Public Prosecutor, committing a press misdemeanor, and inciting armed rebellion through tax boycotting, although each time he was acquitted.

Moreover, in another paper published the same month in 1905, Einstein made several observations on a then-thorny problem, the photoelectric effect.

Because changing ink color in a mimeograph could be a laborious process, involving extensively cleaning the machine or, on newer models, replacing the drum or rollers, and then running the paper through the machine a second time, some fanzine publishers experimented with techniques for painting several colors on the pad, notably Shelby Vick, who created a kind of plaid " Vicolor.

The country also contained several small paper companies and one large paper and cardboard factory located at Villeta.

It is " s if someone were to buy several copies of the morning paper to assure himself that what it said was true ", as Wittgenstein puts it.

Research into quantum entanglement was initiated by a 1935 paper by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen describing the EPR paradox and several papers by Erwin Schrödinger shortly thereafter.

He agrees and spends several months at Langley, Virginia, where he writes a paper entitled " Agents and Agencies ", in which he maintains that state-sponsored terrorism is an act of war.

He had presented the paper several times that year but it was rejected until the November revision was finally accepted and published by the Academy in 1740.

A white paper produced by the Royal Air Force for the British government in 1961 claimed that the RAF's nuclear force was capable of destroying key Soviet cities such as Moscow and Kiev before bomber aircraft from the United States ' Strategic Air Command had entered Soviet airspace, " taking into account Bomber Command ’ s ability to be on target in the first wave several hours in advance of the main SAC force operating from bases in the United States .".

In a 1990 paper by Novikov and several others, Cauchy problem in spacetimes with closed timelike curves, the authors state: