The bronchial artery, except for a small number of short branches in the hilum, contributes none of the pleural blood supply.

As in type 1,, it provides arterial blood to the interlobular septa, and an extremely rich anastomotic pleural supply is seen ( figs. 9, 10 ).

Although Miller noted in 1907 that a difference in the pleural blood supply existed between animals, nowhere in his published works is it found that he did a comparative study of the intrapulmonary features of various mammalian lungs other than in the dog and cat ( Miller, '13 ; ;

The cerebral ganglia control the sensory organs while the pleural ganglia supply nerves to the mantle cavity.

Each lobe is surrounded by a pleural cavity, which consists of two pleurae.

In between the pleura is pleural fluid.

It is used in pleurodesis ( fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions ).

Pneumothorax is air or gas can build up in the pleural space.

The elephant is the only animal known to have no pleural space.

If the pleural cavity is breached from the outside, as by a bullet wound or knife wound, a pneumothorax, or air in the cavity, may result.

It is well connected with the pleural ( thoracic ) cavity.

Shortness of breath became more pronounced and in December 1979, after the filming of The Hunter, a biopsy revealed pleural mesothelioma, a type of cancer associated with asbestos exposure for which there is no known cure.

Cytopathology is also commonly used to investigate thyroid lesions, diseases involving sterile body cavities ( peritoneal, pleural, and cerebrospinal ), and a wide range of other body sites.

An example of spontaneous exfoliation is when cells of the pleural cavity or peritoneal cavity are shed into the pleural or peritoneal fluid.

In human anatomy, the pleural cavity is the potential space between the two pleura ( visceral and parietal ) of the lungs.

The thin space between the two pleural layers is known as the pleural cavity ; it normally contains a small amount of pleural fluid.

In humans, there is no anatomical connection between the left and right pleural cavities.

Thus, pleural fluid is produced and reabsorbed continuously.

In a normal 70 kg human, a few milliliters of pleural fluid is always present within the intrapleural space.

Thus, a profound increase in the production of pleural fluid — or some blocking of the reabsorbing lymphatic system — is required for fluid to accumulate in the pleural space.

When accumulation of pleural fluid is noted, cytopathologic evaluation of the fluid, as well as clinical microscopy, microbiology, chemical studies, tumor markers, pH determination and other more esoteric tests are required as diagnostic tools for determining the causes of this abnormal accumulation.

A pleural effusion is sometimes present that is transudative, detectable by decreased percussion note, audible breath sounds and vocal resonance.

It is one of the spaces derived from the coelomic cavity of the embryo, the others being the pleural cavities around the lungs and the pericardial cavity around the heart.

Though it can occur in isolated left-or right-sided heart failure, it is more common in biventricular failure because pleural veins drain both into the systemic and pulmonary venous system.

If the pleural cavity contains both air and fluid, then the fluid will have a " fluid level " that is horizontal instead of conforming to the lung space.

Some of these were obviously filling from interlobular branches of the bronchial arteries while others were filling from direct hilar branches following along the pleural surface.

* blood, semen, preseminal fluid, vaginal secretions, synovial fluid, amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, marrow, pericardial fluid, feces, nasal secretions, urine, vomitus, sputum, mucus, cervical mucus, phlegm, saliva, breastmilk, colostrum, and secretions and blood from the umbilical cord

He died in 1499 from pleural effusion at Arneburg Castle and was succeeded by his eldest son Joachim I. John was the first of the Hohenzollern electors to be buried in Brandenburg, first at Lehnin Abbey, later transferred to Berlin Cathedral by order of his grandson Joachim II.

In spontaneous unilateral pneumothorax, air escapes from a lung and occupies the pleural space between the chest wall and a lung.

Localized pleural fluid effusion noted during pulmonary embolism ( PE ) results probably from increased capillary permeability due to cytokine or inflammatory mediator release from the platelet-rich thrombi.

# Chest tubes are placed in the mediastinal and pleural space to drain blood from around the heart and lungs.

The surgeons believed that he would die as the bullet had punctured his left lung and they had removed six and a half pints of blood from his pleural cavity through a tube.

pneumothoraces ) is an abnormal collection of air or gas in the pleural space separating the lung from the chest wall which may interfere with normal breathing.

A thoracoscopy ( inserting a tube with a camera into the chest ) can be used to acquire biopsy material, and allows the introduction of substances such as talc to obliterate the pleural space ( a procedure called pleurodesis ), preventing more fluid from accumulating and pressing on the lung.

Excess fluid from the pleural space is drained into a bag.

* Remove the fluid, air, or blood from the pleural space

If large amounts of fluid, air, or blood are not removed from the pleural space, they may put pressure on the lung and cause it to collapse.

The surgical procedures used to drain fluid, air, or blood from the pleural space are as follows:

* A chest tube also is used to drain blood and air from the pleural space.

Extracts from the Brazilian folk remedy Wilbrandia ebracteata (" Taiuia ") have been shown to reduce inflammation in the pleural cavity of mice.

Asbestosis specifically refers to interstitial ( parenchymal ) fibrosis from asbestos, and not pleural fibrosis or plaquing.

Gleason died on May 27, 2006 at a Burbank, California hospital from pleural mesothelioma, a form of lung cancer connected with asbestos, which he is thought to have contracted from asbestos exposure on building sites while working for his father as a teenager, Gleason was 67 years old.

He died in 2000 while still a member of Congress from pleural mesothelioma, a rare form of lung cancer, as a result of exposure to asbestos.

As a rare anatomical variation, the arch can be displaced laterally, thereby creating a pleural septum separating an azygos lobe from the upper lobe of the right lung.

Most pleural empyemas arise from a bacterial infection within the lung ( pneumonia ), often associated with parapneumonic effusions.