Structurally they can be classified according to the functional groups ' locations as alpha-( α -), beta-( β -), gamma-( γ -) or delta-( δ -) amino acids ; other categories relate to polarity, acid / base / neutral, and side chain group type ( including: aliphatic, acyclic, hydroxyl or sulphur-containing, aromatic ).

All bonds can be explained by quantum theory, but, in practice, simplification rules allow chemists to predict the strength, directionality, and polarity of bonds.

Although positively charged cations always move towards the cathode ( hence their name ) and negatively charged anions move away from it, cathode polarity depends on the device type, and can even vary according to the operating mode.

In theory one can describe compounds that contain the methyl group, with relatively large bond polarity between the carbon and non-hydrogen atom, as salts of this anion ; however in truth most such compounds, if not all, are actually covalent.

Photographs of inanimate objects such as a coins, keys and leaves can be made more effectively by grounding the object to the earth, a cold water pipe or to the opposite ( polarity ) side of the high voltage source.

Trains powered by DC can change direction by reversing polarity.

RNA viruses can be further classified according to the sense or polarity of their RNA into negative-sense and positive-sense, or ambisense RNA viruses.

For depletion mode, the channel is on at zero bias, and a gate potential ( of the opposite polarity ) can " deplete " the channel, reducing conduction.

Polarity inversion can be implemented electronically, by reversing the wiring polarity, or by physically positioning the enclosure to face rearward.

These processes can lead some people to experience changes in mental operation defining their self identity ( whether in momentary acuity or chronic development ) different enough from their previous normal state that it can excite feelings of newly formed understanding ranging from revelation & enlightenment to the opposing polarity of confusion & psychosis.

A complete discharge of a cell until it goes into polarity reversal can cause permanent damage to the cell.

Lightning can occur with both positive and negative polarity.

Because the biased tip configuration is floating, the positive probe can draw at most an electron current only equal in magnitude and opposite in polarity to the ion saturation current drawn by the negative probe, given by:

) Solvent polarity and pH can affect the absorption spectrum of an organic compound.

Only a magnetic field greater than a certain intensity (" select ") can cause the core to change its magnetic polarity.

Implicit in this list of hankie color codes is the concept of right / left polarity, left as usual indicating the top, dominant, or active partner, right the bottom, submissive, or passive partner — this can, however, be ambiguous for some acts.

This results in broadly evident " stripes " from which the past magnetic field polarity can be inferred by looking at the data gathered from simply towing a magnetometer on the sea surface or from an aircraft.

The information can also be modulated on UWB signals ( pulses ) by encoding the polarity of the pulse, its amplitude and / or by using orthogonal pulses.

Since this is true whether the input is AC or DC, this circuit not only produces a DC output from an AC input, it can also provide what is sometimes called " reverse polarity protection ".

So the fact that the opposition creates a dynamic and exalted energy between the planets involved is not as clearly negative as for instance the square, but it can be indicative of tension, conflict or confrontation, due to the polarity between the two signs involved if not channeled constructively.

Inverse parallel SCRs can also be used in place of the triac ; because each SCR in the pair has an entire half-cycle of reverse polarity applied to it, the SCRs, unlike TRIACs, are sure to turn off.

However, this effect works using either polarity for the electrodes: the small or thin electrode can be either positive or negative, and the larger electrode must have the opposite polarity.

Note that negative polarity can be triggered not only by direct negatives such as " not " or " never ", but by words such as " doubt " or " hardly " (" I doubt he has ever owed anything to anyone " or " He has hardly ever owed anything to anyone ").

The electrodes then " spray " a charge onto the belt which is opposite in polarity to the charge on the rollers.

* If the bit was previously 1, then the core changes magnetic polarity.

Temporary dipole tilt variations that take the dipole axis across the equator and then back to the original polarity are known as excursions.

The rapid influx of sodium ions causes the polarity of the plasma membrane to reverse, and the ion channels then rapidly inactivate.

Physically, the solar cycle can be thought of as a regenerative loop where the toroidal component produces a poloidal field, which later produces a new toroidal component of sign such as to reverse the polarity of the original toroidal field, which then produces a new poloidal component of reversed polarity, and so on.

The standard potential for the reaction is then + 0. 34 V − (− 0. 76 V ) = 1. 10 V. The polarity of the cell is determined as follows.

If the polarity of one coil is reversed so that M is negative, then the parallel inductance is nearly zero or the combination is almost non-inductive.

Stereo broadcasting is made possible by using a subcarrier on FM radio stations, which takes the left channel and " subtracts " the right channel from it — essentially by hooking up the right-channel wires backward ( reversing polarity ) and then joining left and reversed-right.

If that terminal is negative, then the " side " diodes conduct, but create a polarity inversion between the transformers.

They can also be used to remove particulate matter from air streams by first charging the air, and then passing the charged stream through a comb of alternating polarity, to deposit the charged particles onto oppositely charged plates.

A microphone is used to pick up the sound that is then analyzed by a computer ; then, sound waves with opposite polarity ( 180 ° phase at all frequencies ) are output through a speaker, causing destructive interference and cancelling much of the noise.

If any of the reversed polarity measurements don't agree to a sufficient degree of accuracy ( usually within 3 %) with the corresponding standard polarity measurement, then there is probably a source of error somewhere in the setup, which should be investigated before continuing.

Adaptive algorithms are designed to analyze the waveform of the background aural or nonaural noise, then based on the specific algorithm generate a signal that will either phase shift or invert the polarity of the original signal.

Where a negative image is required, as when printing from a microform negative, then the toner has the same polarity as the corona in step 1.

If a correlation φ is not a polarity then φ < sup > 2 </ sup > is a nontrivial collineation.

The expression patterns of the final class of segmentation genes, the segment polarity genes, are then fine-tuned by interactions between the cells of adjacent parasegments ( see the example, engrailed, Figure 7 ).

These transcription factors then regulate the expression of segment polarity genes, which define the polarity of each segment.

German reunification, human rights, and the polarity of the international system were then included.

Wolcott applied micro-current to a wide variety of wounds, using negative polarity over the lesions in the initial phase, and then alternating positive and negative electrodes every three days.

It is found that if this junction between semiconductors is connected to a power supply, and if the power supply is set to a voltage slightly higher than the natural voltage appearing because of contact electrification, then for one polarity of voltage there will be a current between the two semiconductor parts, but if the polarity is reversed, the current stops.