Rough simulations of optical properties may be additionally employed: a simple calculation of the ray from the object to the point of view is made.

However, the model was very simple and the calculation of the CO < sub > 2 </ sub > effect was lower than other estimates by a factor of about three, as noted in a footnote to the paper.

A simple calculation shows that the operator ρ for the above discussion is given by

In the case of photographic film cameras the calculation is simple ; the final magnification is the product of: the objective lens magnification, the camera optics magnification and the enlargement factor of the film print relative to the negative.

Reflection of solar X-rays is seen in other Solar System objects such as the Moon, but a simple calculation assuming even the highest x-ray reflectivity possible per molecule or dust grain is not able to explain the majority of the observed flux from Hyakutake, as the comet's atmosphere is very tenuous and diffuse.

The second integer unit, which shares paths with the FPU, does not have these facilities and is limited to simple operations such as add, subtract, and the calculation of branch target addresses.

The diagrammatic notation often simplifies calculation because simple diagrams may be used to represent complicated functions.

The model number 21000 came from a simple calculation of the relative performance of the NS32032 ( 0. 7MIPS ) times 30 processors: 21 MIPs.

For example, multiplying 7 by 6 is a simple algorithmic calculation.

In English, calculation involves numbers and the word usually connotes a simple process, but computation may be done by applying specific rules, with or without numbers, and the word is chosen for more complex tasks.

His proof generalizes the classical calculation of the absolute value of Gauss sums using the fact that the norm of a Fourier transform has a simple relation to the norm of the original function.

Let there be N individuals, and to keep this calculation simple, let the individuals be haploid ( i. e. have one copy of each gene ).

In simple situations, this probability can be derived with 1 ) the standard error calculation introduced earlier, 2 ) the formula for the variance of the difference of two random variables, and 3 ) an assumption that if anyone does not choose Kerry they will choose Bush, and vice versa ; they are perfectly negatively correlated.

The place value of any given digit in a numeral can be given by a simple calculation, which in itself is a compliment to the logic behind numeral systems.

Modern economics thus reflects very ancient philosophy, but a calculation or quantitative or other process based on cardinality and statistics replaces the simple ordering of values.

As a simple calculation, it ignores the size and age of the animal being taken, its reproductive status, and it focuses solely on the species in question, ignoring the damage to the ecosystem caused by the designated level of exploitation and the issue of bycatch.

From the monotonicity and continuity of relation composition, it follows immediately that the set of the bisimulations is closed under unions ( joins in the poset of relations ), and a simple algebraic calculation shows that the relation of bisimilarity — the join of all bisimulations — is an equivalence relation.

simple calculation to require dilution with at least 8 volumes of river water taking up 0. 2 part if the resulting mixture was not to take up more than 0. 4 part.

With counting rods or abacus to perform arithmetic operations, the writing of the starting, intermediate and final values of a calculation could easily be done with a simple additive system in each position or column.

Demographic historians suggest that the proportion of the population over sixteen in settlements at the time was about 65 %, so a simple calculation gives the total population as 278.

The Lusztig – Vogan polynomials for all other exceptional simple groups have been known for some time ; the calculation for the split form of E < sub > 8 </ sub > is far longer than any other case.

Knowing that the crew of a Roman trireme was approximately 170 rowers and 50 to 60 soldiers, a simple calculation allows us to see that to achieve the number of 3000 men the vessels of Augustus ' fleet would have to have held more combatants than an actual fleet.

He shows that, for any fixed value of, a finite calculation suffices to verify that the conjecture is true for all simple hypergraphs with that value of.

The aim of this section is the calculation of rise time of step response for some simple systems: all notations and assumptions required for the following analysis are listed here.

Others call it `` alienation '', and mean by that no simple economic experience ( as Marx does ) but a deep spiritual sense of dislocation.

Although it is constantly made to look foolish ( too simple to come in out of the rain, people say, who have found in the innocent an impediment ), it does not mind looking foolish because it is not concerned with how it looks.

Although this technique is simple and satisfactory, one practical difficulty does exist: the direction of true north must be known for each launch point.

Nikolai Cherkasov, the Russian actor who has played such heroic roles as Alexander Nevsky and Ivan the Terrible, performs the lanky Don Quixote, and does so with a simple dignity that bridges the inner nobility and the surface absurdity of this poignant man.

For Lamprias had said that the first articulate sound made is " alpha ", because it is very plain and simple — the air coming off the mouth does not require any motion of the tongue — and therefore this is the first sound that children make.

Most narrowly, one may consider numbers explicitly defined in terms of polynomials, exponentials, and logarithms – this does not include algebraic numbers, but does include some simple transcendental numbers such as e or log ( 2 ).

Learning time does not necessarily correlate with the number or complexity of rules ; some games, such as chess or Go, have simple rulesets while possessing profound strategies.

Unlike many other statistics, a player's OPS does not have a simple intrinsic meaning, despite its usefulness as a comparative statistic.

However, this political restriction is less confining than it may first appear in that the Marxist historical framework is surprisingly flexible, and a rather simple matter to modify an alternative historical theory to use language that at least does not challenge the Marxist interpretation of history.

This simple interpretation does not apply for higher values of x or y.

There are simple devices available to attach to the hinge side, ensuring that this type of injury does not occur.

More subtle is the slight over-representation of string operations, which is largely language-related: both Ada and Pascal have strings as normal variables in the language, whereas C does not, so what was simple variable assignment in reference benchmarks became buffer copy operations in the C library.

As many observers have pointed out, the Drake equation is a very simple model that does not include potentially relevant parameters.

Thus, at UV frequencies and higher ( and probably somewhat also in the visible range ), electromagnetic radiation does far more damage to biological systems than simple heating predicts.

The Kasha-Vavilov rule does not always apply and is violated severely in many simple molecules.

A plot of the first few factorials makes clear that such a curve can be drawn, but it would be preferable to have a formula that precisely describes the curve, in which the number of operations does not depend on the size of n. The simple formula for the factorial, n < nowiki >!</ nowiki > = 1 × 2 × … × n, cannot be used directly for fractional values of n since it is only valid when n is a natural number ( i. e., a positive integer ).

Gaussian elimination does not generalize in any simple way to higher order tensors ( matrices are order 2 tensors ); even computing the rank of a tensor of order greater than 2 is a difficult problem.

In a device that does not display text, a simple program to produce a signal, such as turning on an LED, is often substituted for " Hello world " as the introductory program.

If F is the only force acting on the system, the system is called a simple harmonic oscillator, and it undergoes simple harmonic motion: sinusoidal oscillations about the equilibrium point, with a constant amplitude and a constant frequency ( which does not depend on the amplitude ).

* Irish martingale: Unlike the previous designs, this very simple " martingale " does not control the height of the horse's head, but merely keeps the reins from going over the horse's head in the result of a fall.

Furthermore, routing information as specified by ISO 9362 does not contain check digits, so simple errors of transcription were not detectable and it was not possible for a sending bank to validate the routing information prior to submitting the payment.

These types of lamps are still in use today in areas of the world without electricity, because they give a much better light than a simple wick-type lamp does ..

Ironically, however, it is sometimes easier to get a receiving party to sign a simple agreement that is shorter, less complex and does not contain safety provisions protecting the receiver.