The process of participant-observation can be especially helpful to understanding a culture from an emic point of view, which would otherwise be unattainable by simply reading from a book.

Animal communication, and indeed the understanding of the animal world in general, is a rapidly growing field, and even in the 21st century so far, a great share of prior understanding related to diverse fields such as personal symbolic name use, animal emotions, animal culture and learning, and even sexual conduct, long thought to be well understood, has been revolutionized.

Ceramic artifacts are an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and behavior of peoples of the past.

A passage in Muhtasar kitab al-buldan illustrates the division of Islamic society into strata: " First are the rulers, whom their deserts has placed in the foremost rank ; second are the viziers, distinguished by wisdom and understanding ; third are the wealthy upper classes, lifted by their possessions ; fourth are the middle classes who are attached to the upper three by culture ( ta ' addub ); the remainder are the lowest classes that are filthy refuse, a torrent of scum, none of whom thinks of anything but food and sleep.

In this globalising world, comparative law is important for it provides a platform for intellectual exchange in terms of law and it cultivates a culture of understanding in a diverse world.

New media can become so dominant in public culture that they effectively create a " paradigm shift " ( Lelia Green, 2001: 15 ) as people have shifted their perceptions, understanding of the world and ways of interacting with the world and each other in relation to new technologies and media.

In Lithuania and Estonia, the Jewish masses lived mainly in densely populated towns where anti-kabbalistic ( mysticism ) rabbinical academic culture ( in the yeshivot ) flourished based on just the simple understanding getting deeper from there.

* Karl Marx: In large part, added the historical dimension to an understanding of society, culture and economics.

The comedian Felix Dexter has said that he appreciated the humour of an innocent confronting an expert with neither understanding the other, but that ' I feel that a lot of the humour is laughing at black street culture and it is being celebrated because it allows the liberal middle classes to laugh at that culture in a safe context where they can retain their sense of political correctness.

In the second half of the 5th century BC, particularly at Athens, " sophist " came to denote a class of mostly itinerant intellectuals who taught courses in various subjects, speculated about the nature of language and culture and employed rhetoric to achieve their purposes, generally to persuade or convince others: " Sophists did, however, have one important thing in common: whatever else they did or did not claim to know, they characteristically had a great understanding of what words would entertain or impress or persuade an audience.

They are a key to the understanding of Hurrian culture and history.

Derrida contributed to " the understanding of certain deeply hidden philosophical presuppositions and prejudices in Western culture ", arguing that the whole philosophical tradition rests on arbitrary dichotomous categories ( such as sacred / profane, signifier / signified, mind / body ), and that any text contains implicit hierarchies, " by which an order is imposed on reality and by which a subtle repression is exercised, as these hierarchies exclude, subordinate, and hide the various potential meanings.

He recorded Norse mythology in the form of the Prose Edda, a book of poetic language providing an important understanding of Norse culture prior to Christianity.

* It has the objective of understanding culture in all its complex forms and of analyzing the social and political context in which culture manifests itself.

60 ). The American version of Cultural Studies initially concerned itself more with understanding the subjective and appropriative side of audience reactions to and uses of mass culture.

In sociology, hermeneutics means the interpretation and understanding of social events by analysing their meanings to the human participants and their culture.

Through the lens of Otto Rank ’ s work on understanding art and artists, action learning can be seen as the never-completed process of learning how to “ step out of the frame ” of the ruling mindset, whether one ’ s own or the culture ’ s – in other words, of learning how to unlearn.

However, in Britain today there is a renewed interest in the culture of food, popularly led by celebrity chefs who seek to raise the standard of food understanding in the UK.

They have difficulty conceptually understanding why the Nazis are committing ethnic genocide, and on the whole, consider humanity to be so barbaric and warlike that they would benefit from being united under their culture.

When Brian confronts her, she shares her fears and the two reach an understanding.

Oldbuck, understanding Douster-swivel's knavery, confronts him about his cons and takes Sir Arthur back to the ruins to look for treasure without Douster-swivel's magical intervention.

In Hegel's theses, one confronts in his understanding of Africans a naive and troubling lack of intellectual rigour.

Further cultural subdivisions according to tool types, such as Olduwan or Mousterian or Levalloisian help archaeologists and other anthropologists in understanding major trends in the human past.

Accordingly, most of these anthropologists showed less interest in comparing cultures, generalizing about human nature, or discovering universal laws of cultural development, than in understanding particular cultures in those cultures ' own terms.

Scholars have continued to develop these theories ever since, and they have influenced anthropologists ' understanding of fetishism in general.

Archeologists and anthropologists have determined the Pawnee had a sophisticated understanding of the movement of stars.

In the past 50 years, anthropologists have greatly revised the understanding of the tribe.

Since the end of the 20th century, medical anthropologists have had a much more sophisticated understanding of the problem of cultural representations and social practices related to health, disease and medical care and attention.

He argued that the main issue facing anthropologists was one of translation-finding a way to translate one's own thoughts into the world of another culture and thus manage to come to understand it, and then to translate this understanding back so as to explain it to people of one's own culture.

A 2008 article in Nature by Dan Jones stated that " A growing number of psychologists, neuroscientists and anthropologists have accumulated evidence that understanding many aspects of antisocial behaviour, including violence and murder, requires the study of brains, genes and evolution, as well as the societies those factors have wrought.

At these words of sympathy and understanding, Harmony said generously, `` I don't mind setting here along with Gran while you go out and join in the games ''.

said a Hail Mary, slowly and with understanding.

Political theoretical understanding, although almost at a standstill during this century, did develop during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and resulted in a flood of inventions which increased the possibility for man to coexist with man.

Our understanding of the solar system has taught us to replace our former elaborate rituals with the appropriate action which, in this case, amounts to doing nothing.

We perform elaborate international exhortations and ceremonies with virtually no understanding of social cause and effect.

Even in domains where detailed and predictive understanding is still lacking, but where some explanations are possible, as with lightning and weather and earthquakes, the appropriate kind of human action has been more adequately indicated.

Then Miriam varied the senseless psychological warfare by suddenly withdrawing a suit for separate maintenance that had been pending, and asking for divorce on the grounds of cruelty, with the understanding that Wright would not contest it.

Problems have arisen in this sensitive field but have been handled in most cases with understanding and restraint.

He says the state, in order to proceed with economic development, must develop an understanding of how the various parts of its economy fit together and dovetail into the national economy.

An Advisory Council of outstanding public figures with experience in world affairs should be formed to give the program continuing guidance and to afford a focal point for public understanding.

I have the honor to refer to the Agricultural Commodities Agreement signed today between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of India ( hereinafter referred to as the Agreement ) and, with regard to the rupees accruing to uses indicated under Article 2, of the Agreement, to state that the understanding of the Government of the United States of America is as follows: 1.

With regard to the rupees accruing to uses indicated under Article 2, of the Agreement, the understanding of the Government of the United States of America, with respect to both paragraphs 1 ( B ) and 1 ( C ) of Article 2, is as follows: ( 1 )

When the automobile was in its embryonic stage, such roads as existed were pretty much open roads with the tacit understanding that horses should not be unduly terrified being about the only rule governing where, when and how fast a car could go.

The architects do not believe that the education of the interior designer is sufficiently good or sufficiently extended to compare with that of the architect and that, therefore, the interior designer is incapable of understanding the architectural principles involved in planning the interior of a building.

Although we are still far from a complete understanding of these problems, as a first approximation, it is suggested that alterations in the hypothalamic balance with consequent changes in the hypothalamic-cortical discharges account for major changes in behavior seen in various moods and states of emotions in man and beast under physiological circumstances, in experimental and clinical neurosis, and as the result of psychopharmacological agents.

On the other hand, the women class members appeared to reach a far greater understanding than have women members in other sections that it is more natural for males as a group to view sex as sex rather than always associating it with love as most women seem to do.

Although the teacher must be concerned with maintaining standards, he must also be concerned about understanding differences in ability, background, and experience.

and to utilize opportunities, arising in connection with regular classroom activities, for gaining a better understanding of his pupils.

It was only after we had responded, with what I fear were similar cliches, that she went into action by questioning our desire for friendship and understanding with a challenge about aggressive and warlike actions by the U.S. Government in Cuba and Laos.

`` We have come to your land with the express intention of understanding and respecting your ideas and your ways.

Such understanding helps to explain why one matron celebrating thirty-five years of married life could declare with some pride that her husband had `` never seen her entirely naked '', while another woman, boasting an equal number of years of married life, is proud of having `` shared the nudist way of life -- the really free, natural nude life -- for most of that period ''.

His letter to his daughter on the pains of growing up is surely as trenchant, forthright, and warmly understanding a piece of advice as ever a grown-up penned to a sensitive child, and with just the right tone of unpatronizing good humor.

Gunny symbolized so much that was unpleasant -- Tolley, the indifference with which the Fairbrothers and indeed the whole neighborhood now treated her and which she would die rather than acknowledge to her husband, his lack of understanding and sympathy in her present condition, her disgusting swollen stomach.

The humanities generally study local traditions, through their history, literature, music, and arts, with an emphasis on understanding particular individuals, events, or eras.