He made use of the time by undertaking far more intensive fieldwork than had been done by British anthropologists, and his classic ethnography, Argonauts of the Western Pacific ( 1922 ) advocated an approach to fieldwork that became standard in the field: getting " the native's point of view " through participant observation.

The word amphibian became restricted in the taxonomical sense to what we now use around 1600, with the taxon " Amphibia " first published in scientific classification circa 1819.

In practice, the Articles were in use beginning in 1777 ; the final draft of the Articles served as the de facto system of government used by the Congress (" the United States in Congress assembled ") until it became de jure by final ratification on March 1, 1781 ; at which point Congress became the Congress of the Confederation.

When Austria became a member of the European Union, the Austrian variety of the German language — limited to 23 agricultural terms — was " protected " in Protocol No 10, regarding the use of specific Austrian terms of the German language in the framework of the European Union, which forms part of the Austrian EU accession treaty.

After Bohr's use of Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect to relate energy levels in atoms with the wavelength of emitted light, the connection between the structure of electrons in atoms and the emission and absorption spectra of atoms became an increasingly useful tool in the understanding of electrons in atoms.

The sense was extended to fossil resin circa 1400, and this became the main sense, as the use of ambergris waned.

Buddhist inscriptions from around 300 BCE use the symbols which became 1, 4 and 6.

One century later, their use of the symbols which became 2, 7 and 9 was recorded, but Brahmi numerals lacked a symbol for 0.

The problem became so large that some carriers required the use of a PIN before making calls.

The use of dual wield became more acceptable and achieved somewhat of a cult status after much influence from Hong Kong action cinema.

His early work in scrutinizing the use of local, exchange and trunk telephone line usage in a small community, to understand the theoretical requirements of an efficient network led to the creation of the Erlang formula, which became a foundational element of present day telecommunication network studies.

Access to famous persons, too, became more and more restricted ; potential visitors would be forced through numerous different checks before being granted access to the official in question, and as communication became better and information technology more prevalent, it has become all but impossible for a would-be killer to get close enough to the personage at work or in private life to effect an attempt on his or her life, especially given the common use of metal and bomb detectors.

There are rare examples of its use as early as the 12th century, but it became common by the 16th century.

As the use of the Internet became more widespread in the mid to late 1990s, traditional BBSes rapidly faded in popularity.

But during the 1960s faster and more affordable computers became available, and as prices decreased newer computer systems supported time-sharing, a system which allows multiple users or processes to use the CPU and memory.

By World War II, the use of the smaller divisions, platoons and companies, became much more important as precise operations became vital.

Another important use of aircraft came with the development of the helicopter, which first became heavily used during the Vietnam War, and still continues to be widely used today to transport and augment ground forces.

In 1942 Beech won its first Army-Navy ‘ E ’ Award production award and became one of the elite five percent of war contracting firms in the country to win five straight awards for production efficiency, mostly for the production of the Beechcraft 18 which remains in widespread use worldwide.

In 1940, penicillin became available for medicinal use to treat bacterial infections in humans.

During Selig's term of service, the use of steroids and other performance enhancing drugs became a public issue.

By that time, the majority of black people were U. S .- born, so use of the term " African " became problematic.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 326 patients, 4 patients suffered serious adverse events and 61 % became resedated following the use of flumazenil.

In effect, rather than making plate armour obsolete, the use of firearms stimulated the development of plate armour into its later stages.

The following technologies are either obsolete, or limited to special applications though most were, at one time, in widespread use.

Excepting a few ineffective attempts to revive scythed chariots, and continuing far eastern use, the use of chariots in battle was obsolete in civilized nations by the time of the Persian defeat at the hands of Alexander the Great, but chariots remained in use for ceremonial purposes such as carrying the victorious general in a Roman triumph, or for racing.

In 1908 however the six British lancer regiments in existence resumed use of this impressive but obsolete weapon for active service.

Heterodyning also made radio receivers much easier to use, rendering obsolete the multitude of tuning controls on radio sets of the time.

Their use of the word " gay " represented a new unapologetic defiance — as an antonym for " straight " (' respectable sexual behaviour '), it encompassed a range of non-normative sexualities and gender expressions, such as transgender street prostitutes, and sought ultimately to free the bisexual potential in everyone, rendering obsolete the categories of homosexual and heterosexual.

As its use in jousting became obsolete, coats of arms remained popular for visually identifying a person in other ways – impressed in sealing wax on documents, carved on family tombs, and flown as a banner on country homes.

The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED ) describes libre as obsolete, but the word has come back into limited use.

The use of photography, which had rendered much of the representational function of visual art obsolete, strongly affected this aspect of modernism.

While the rapid pace of computer advancement quickly rendered the 68000 obsolete as desktop / workstation CPU, the processor found substantial use in embedded applications.

However, in recent years it has become increasingly common for MDI applications to use " tabs " to display the currently opened windows, which has made this criticism somewhat obsolete.

This use quickly became obsolete through the replacement of niobium with tungsten, which has a higher melting point and thus is preferable for use in incandescent lamps.

It seems likely that the continued use of the symbol immediately after privatisation had more to do with convenience than design: changing it would have made obsolete all the road signs using it to indicate railway stations.

The inner ring of fortifications was now considered obsolete and came to be mostly taken down by the early 20th century ( although the citadel remained in use ).

Although the Chinese invented gunpowder, and firearms had been in continual use in Chinese warfare since as far back as the Song Dynasty, the advent of modern weaponry resulting from the European Industrial Revolution had rendered China's traditionally trained and equipped army and navy obsolete.

While this design is mostly obsolete today, supplanted by the stronger yet equally convenient swing-out design, manufacturers have begun making reproductions of late 19th century designs for use in cowboy action shooting.

Fortresses built in this style throughout the 16th century did not become fully obsolete until the 19th century, and were still in use throughout World War I ( though modified for 20th century warfare ).

By the 17th century, with the growing use of firearms and the accompanying decline in the use of armour, many rapiers and dueling swords had developed elaborate basket hilts, which protect the palm of the wielder and rendered the gauntlet obsolete.

A major factor is the common use of body armour, where pistol calibers are insufficient for penetration-therefore the SMG is predominant in the civil security sector and is becoming obsolete in military use.

The arm was employed throughout the Napoleonic Wars and remained in use throughout the entire 19th century and into the first half of the 20th century, when advances in weapons technology finally made it obsolete.