The astronomical constant whose value is one astronomical unit is referred to as unit distance and is given the symbol A.

In 1976 the International Astronomical Union ( IAU ) revised the definition of the AU for greater precision, defining it as that length for which the Gaussian gravitational constant ( k ) takes the value when the units of measurement are the astronomical units of length, mass and time.

The comparison of the ephemeris with the measured positions leads to a value for the speed of light in astronomical units, which is AU / d ( TDB ).

As the speed of light in meters per second ( c < sub > 0 </ sub >) is fixed in the International System of Units, this measurement of the speed of light in AU / d ( c < sub > AU </ sub >) also determines the value of the astronomical unit in meters ( A ):

The best current ( 2009 ) estimate of the International Astronomical Union ( IAU ) for the value of the astronomical unit in meters is A = m, based on a comparison of JPL and IAA – RAS ephemerides.

Another " ordinal " date system (" ordinal " in the sense of advancing in value by one as the date advances by one day ) is in common use in astronomical calculations and referencing and uses the same name as this " logistics " system.

In fact, even if all estimates have astronomical absolute values for their errors, if the expected value of the error is zero, the estimator is unbiased.

All years in the BC era must be converted to a negative value then incremented toward zero to be passed as an astronomical year, so that 1 BC will be passed as year 0.

Improved estimates of Venus ' mass and the value of the astronomical unit were made.

The value of the astronomical unit in light seconds is a fundamental measurement for the calculation of modern ephemerides ( tables of plantary positions ): it is usually quoted as " light-time for unit distance " in tables of astronomical constants, and its currently accepted value is s.

Much of the loss in value of the acquired companies was put down to the astronomical " goodwill " payment included in the purchase price during the " dotcom boom ".

where A is the unit distance ( the value of the astronomical unit in metres ) and k is a constant ( whose value is very close to one ) that reflects the fact that the mean distance from the Earth to the Sun is not exactly one astronomical unit.

The Ascendant, from an astronomical point of view, is the value of the ecliptical geocentric longitude ( aka Celestial Longitude λ ) of the point of the ecliptic which is easterly on the horizon.

Radar techniques provide information unavailable by other means, such as testing general relativity by observing Mercury and providing a refined value for the astronomical unit.

This was a target of great scientific value, since it could provide an unambiguous way to measure the size of the astronomical unit, which was needed for the nascent field of interplanetary spacecraft.

The value that was calculated by Gauss, in the astronomical system of units, is still used today.

The astronomical system of units was redefined in 1976 to fix the value of k at precisely.

Jean-Robert Argand introduced the term " module " ' unit of measure ' in French in 1806 specifically for the complex absolute value and it was borrowed into English in 1866 as the Latin equivalent " modulus ".

* Arbitrary unit, a relative placeholder unit for when the actual value of a measurement is unknown or unimportant

The value of the new unit was chosen to make it similar to the earlier unit candlepower.

If is any unit vector, the projection of the curl of F onto is defined to be the limiting value of a closed line integral in a plane orthogonal to as the path used in the integral becomes infinitesimally close to the point, divided by the area enclosed.

The Greeks had a similar unit of the same value.

For a given quantity of a consumer good, the point on the demand curve indicates the value, or marginal utility, to consumers for that unit.

The electron volt is not an SI unit and its value in SI units must be obtained experimentally.

A key point in finance, which affects decisions, is the time value of money, which states that a unit of currency today is worth more than the same unit of currency tomorrow.

Usually, the minor currency unit has a value that is 1 / 100 of the major unit, but 1 / 1000 is also used.

In others, the major currency unit has so little value that the minor unit is no longer generally used ( e. g. the Japanese sen, 1 / 100th of a yen ).

So though workers may labor with greater skill or more productivity than others, these more skillful and more productive workers will thus produce more value through the production of greater quantities of the finished commodity: each unit still bearing the same value as all the others of the same class of commodity.

Note: if the product resulting from the labor process is homogeneous ( all similar in quality and traits, for example, all cups of coffee ) then the value of the period ’ s product can be divided by the total number of items ( use-values ) produced to derive the unit value of each item.

In 1856 Wilhelm Eduard Weber and Rudolf Kohlrausch performed an experiment to measure the numerical value of the ratio of the electromagnetic unit of charge to the electrostatic unit of charge.

His years of campaigning had taught him the value of water discipline.

The value of place-names in the reconstruction of early English history had long been recognized.

Stratford's petition to the queen declared that two great fires had burnt two hundred houses in the town, with household goods, to the value of twelve thousand pounds.

This work gave a heat of formation of aluminum fluoride which closely substantiates a value which had been determined by a less direct method, and raises this property to 15 percent above that accepted a few years ago.

second, it had to be compatible with the value system that they shared.

This circumstance in the patient's case plus the fact that his tactual capacity remained basically in sound working order constitutes its exceptional value for the problem at hand since the evidence presented by the authors is overwhelming that, when the patient closed his eyes, he had absolutely no spatial ( that is, third-dimensional ) awareness whatsoever.

Each human being, known only by a given name, had a cash value.

Old Sam's sixty-five years had reduced his value to $150 ; ;

This essay had the same shock value as the original " Modest Proposal " for those readers who had not been exposed to Swift.

In a culture that set a high value on oratory and public performances of all kinds, in which the production of books was very labor-intensive, the majority of the population was illiterate, and where those with the leisure to enjoy literary works also had slaves to read for them, written texts were more likely to be seen as scripts for recitation than as vehicles of silent reflection.

Andronikos II was also plagued by economic difficulties and during his reign the value of the Byzantine hyperpyron depreciated precipitously while the state treasury accumulated less than one seventh the revenue ( in nominal coins ) that it had done previously.

She supported the argument that the death penalty would have deterrent value, as within five years of its abolition the national murder rate had more than doubled.

Early in the history of the college, there had been some hesitancy on the part of other institutions to accept BJC credits at face value, but by the 1960s, BJU alumni were being accepted by most of the major graduate and professional schools in the United States.

This parallels the ways in which capitalism led to the commodification of many aspects of social life that hitherto had no monetary or economic value per se.

Archimedes ' principle provided the next link: coins could now be easily tested for their fine weight of metal, and thus the value of a coin could be determined, even if it had been shaved, debased or otherwise tampered with ( see Numismatics ).

Sweden was rich in copper, thus, because of copper's low value, extraordinarily big coins ( often weighing several kilograms ) had to be made.

First, since a note has no intrinsic value, there was nothing to stop issuing authorities from printing more of it than they had specie to back it with.

By then, Confucius had build up a considerable reputation through his teachings, while the families came to see the value of proper conduct and righteousness, so they could achieve loyalty to a legitimate government.

Under the latest such decree, president Turbay had implemented security policies that, though of some military value against the M-19 in particular, were considered highly questionable both inside and outside Colombian circles due to numerous accusations of military human rights abuses against suspects and captured guerrillas.

With the reform of its apartheid government, South Africa no longer needed Comoros as evidence of its ostensible ability to enjoy good relations with a black African state ; the end of the Cold War had also diminished Comoros ' strategic value to Pretoria.

Since for the Aztecs, gold had no intrinsic value, they did not have big solid pieces of gold, instead they preferred wood covered with gold.

It was not until 1997, however, that a direct experiment, by S. Lamoreaux, described above, quantitatively measured the force ( to within 15 % of the value predicted by the theory ), although previous work van Blockland and Overbeek ( 1978 ) had observed the force qualitatively, and indirect validation of the predicted Casimir energy had been made by measuring the thickness of liquid Helium films by Sabisky and Anderson in 1972.