Thus, giving grades and promotions based only on an individual's performance relative to a small local group, as is common, may reduce cooperative behaviors in the group.

Thus, while altruistic persons may under some circumstances be outcompeted by less altruistic persons at the individual level, according to group selection theory the opposite may occur at the group level where groups consisting of the more altruistic persons may outcompete groups consisting of the less altruistic persons.

For every group G there is a natural group homomorphism G → Aut ( G ) whose image is the group Inn ( G ) of inner automorphisms and whose kernel is the center of G. Thus, if G has trivial center it can be embedded into its own automorphism group.

Thus, at pH between 2. 2 and 9. 4, the predominant form adopted by α-amino acids contains a negative carboxylate and a positive α-ammonium group, as shown in structure ( 2 ) on the right, so has net zero charge.

Thus this class of molecules belong to the D < sub > 2d </ sub > point group.

Thus the discovery report by the Berkeley group reads: " It is suggested that element 97 be given the name berkelium ( symbol Bk ) after the city of Berkeley in a manner similar to that used in naming its chemical homologue terbium ( atomic number 65 ) whose name was derived from the town of Ytterby, Sweden, where the rare earth minerals were first found.

Thus, the molecular formula of ethanol may be written in a paper in conformational, three-dimensional, full two-dimensional ( indicating every bond with no three-dimensional directions ), compressed two-dimensional ( CH < sub > 3 </ sub >– CH < sub > 2 </ sub >– OH ), separating the functional group from another part of the molecule ( C < sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 5 </ sub > OH ), or by its atomic constituents ( C < sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 6 </ sub > O ), according to what is discussed.

Thus the probability of two failures in a same RAID group in time proximity is much smaller ( approximately the probability squared, i. e., multiplied by itself ).

Thus the probability of two failures in a same RAID group in time proximity is much smaller ( approximately the probability squared, i. e., multiplied by itself ).

Thus, it has been argued that a voucher system would lead students who do not belong to a preferred religious or ethnic group, or those with disabilities, to become concentrated within the public school system.

Thus one has the fundamental groupoid instead of the fundamental group, and this construction is functorial.

Thus the DTFT of the s sequence is also the Fourier transform of the modulated Dirac comb function .< ref group =" note "> We may also note that:

Thus the group of left and right handed 4x4 quaternion matrcies is Sp ( 8 ) xSU ( 2 ) which does include the standard model bosons:

Thus a resin can be tailored to a particular toxic group.

Hence, those with less pigmented skin survived and had children at higher rates because their skin allowed more UV light for the production of vitamin D. Thus, the skin of those in the group that left the African continent and went far north gradually developed adaptations for relatively greater translucence compared to equatorial hues.

Thus, for example, two objects may be group isomorphic without being ring isomorphic, since the latter isomorphism selects the additional structure of the multiplicative operator.

Thus, although the composition of the group is slightly different in each instance, the large majority of men present are always close neighbors.

But this group found it increasingly difficult to prove that they were not labourers because the 1882 act defined excludables as ‘ skilled and unskilled labourers and Chinese employed in mining .’ Thus very few Chinese could enter the country under the 1882 law.

Thus Euclidean geometry corresponds to the choice of the group E ( 3 ) of distance-preserving transformations of the Euclidean space R < sup > 3 </ sup >, conformal geometry corresponds to enlarging the group to the conformal group, whereas in projective geometry one is interested in the properties invariant under the projective group.

Thus at Mobile the annual mean is 67 ° F ( 19 ° C ), the mean for the summer 81 ° F ( 27 ° C ), and for the winter 52 ° F ( 11 ° C ); and at Valley Head, in De Kalb county, the annual mean is 59 ° F ( 15 ° C ), the mean for the summer 75 ° F ( 24 ° C ), and for the winter 41 ° F ( 5 ° C ).

Thus, each Spruance-class destroyer originally carried a maximum total of 24 ASROC.

Thus an 8-course Renaissance lute will usually have 15 strings, and a 13-course Baroque lute will have 24.

Thus 24 carat gold is not affected but 14 carat gold will show chemical activity.

Thus Posidonius ' measure of 240, 000 stadia translates to 24, 000 miles, not much short of the actual circumference of 24, 901 miles.

Thus, on the Saturday, the opening four fourballs matches were finished before 6 foursome matches began ( involving all 24 players ).

Thus, Pistol Pete was parked on the bench for 24 straight games, much to the dismay of Utah fans and to Maravich himself.

Thus began a period of regency, first under the young king's mother, lasting 24 days until her own death, and then under his sister and heir presumptive Berengaria.

Thus Maurice Farman was awarded the ' Grand Prix de Pau ' for his overall victory in the Circuit du Sud-Ouest driving a Panhard 24 hp.

Thus at Numbers 24: 7 it replaces Agag, a mysterious but clearly powerful figure, with Gog, and at Amos 7: 1 the Greek has Gog as the leader of a threatening locust-like army.

Thus, the party has held power for 24 of the past 38 years ( to 2009 ).

Thus, there are 24 bits used to specify a web color, and 16, 777, 216 colors that may be so specified.

Thus some healthcare providers may delay closure while others may be willing to immediately close up to 24 hours after the injury.

Thus Maurice Farman was awarded the ' Grand Prix de Pau ' for his overall victory in the Circuit du Sud-Ouest driving a Panhard 24 hp.

Thus the meaning of the parable would be that one should seek to grow in the Lord ; to multiply one's treasures in heaven, not on Earth ( in accordance with Matthew 6: 19 – 24 ).

Thus, the 24. 5 million figure must be treated as an estimate.

Thus, the utility of a judgment is " plainly an afterthought " and " not what first recommends them to our approbation " ( p. 24 ).

Thus Schubert's numbers would run 1-5, 13, 6-8, 14-21, 9-10, 23, 11-12, 22, 24, a sequence occasionally attempted by Hans Joachim Moser and Günther Baum.

Thus a multinational corporation might work on a project 24 hours a day, with teams waking and working with the advance of the sun across the globe ; such projects might be in software development or in the development of an integrated circuit.

Thus if September 14 were a Sunday, September 24, 26 and 27 would be ember days, the latest dates possible ; with September 14 as a Saturday, however, the ember days would occur on September 18, 20 and 21-the earliest possible dates.

Thus, when American academic universities convert academic credits between the semester / trimester and quarter systems, 36 quarter hours convert to 24 semester hours ( 2 / 3 conversion factor ) while 36 semester hours convert to 54 quarter hours ( 3 / 2 conversion factor ).

Thus the first two volumes featured sixteen plates from John Gould's The Birds of Great Britain ( 1873 ) with historical introduction and commentary on each plate by Phyllis Barclay-Smith, and sixteen plates from Redouté's Roses ( 1817 – 24 ) with historical introduction and commentary by John Ramsbottom.

* November 28 – Thus far in the Spanish Civil War, Italy has sent about 24 Fiat CR. 32 fighters, 19 Savoia-Marchetti SM. 81 bombers, and some IMAM Ro. 37 reconnaissance aircraft to support the Nationalists.