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Page "Phillips curve" ¶ 52
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Thus and equation
Thus, the study of the solutions to the equation Af is reduced to the study of the space of solutions of a differential equation of the form Af.
Thus an algorithm can be an algebraic equation such as y
Thus, for example, the same equation can be made to produce both a lyrical and melodic piece of music in the style of the mid-nineteenth century, and a fantastically dissonant cacophony more reminiscent of the avant-garde music of the 1950s and 1960s.
Thus, if n < sub > r </ sub > is the average number of times a new civilization reappears on the same planet where a previous civilization once has appeared and ended, then the total number of civilizations on such a planet would be ( 1 + n < sub > r </ sub >), which is the actual reappearance factor added to the equation.
Thus, the conservation of electric charge, as expressed by the continuity equation, gives the result:
Thus Engset's equation should be used when the source population is small ( say less than 200 users, extensions or customers ).
Thus and, then the above equation becomes:
Thus, the fundamental solution may be found by performing the continued fraction expansion and testing each successive convergent until a solution to Pell's equation is found.
Thus the reflected ray has equation
Thus, a list of possible rational roots of the equation can be derived using the formula.
Thus, this equation is sometimes known as the vector wave equation.
While this equation suggests that the activation energy is dependent on temperature, in regimes in which the Arrhenius equation is valid this is cancelled by the temperature dependence of k. Thus, E < sub > a </ sub > can be evaluated from the reaction rate coefficient at any temperature ( within the validity of the Arrhenius equation ).
Thus we cannot get a simple generalization of the Schrödinger equation under the naive assumption that the wave function is a relativistic scalar, and the equation it satisfies, second order in time.
Thus the Schrödinger equation may be seen as the far non-relativistic approximation of the Dirac equation when one may neglect spin and work only at low energies and velocities.
There are 3 fundamental physical units in this equation: time t, mass m, and length l, and 4 dimensional variables, T, M, L, and g. Thus we need only 4 − 3 = 1 dimensionless parameter, denoted π, and the model can be re-expressed as
Thus, the differential equation solutions can be classified into homotopy classes.
Thus, the system can be analyzed with Schrödinger's equation and the guiding equation, with an initial distribution for the particles in the system ( see the section on the conditional wave function of a subsystem for details ).
Thus, we have the guiding equation.

Thus and determining
Thus, the search for extrasolar planets also includes the study of planetary habitability, which considers a wide range of factors in determining an extrasolar planet's suitability for hosting life.
Thus in determining whether to shut down a firm should compare total revenue to total variable costs ( VC ) rather than total costs ( FC + VC ).
Thus, uniforms and / or badges are important in determining prisoner-of-war status ; and francs-tireurs, terrorists, saboteurs, mercenaries and spies do not qualify.
Thus, to abduce from involves determining that is sufficient ( or nearly sufficient ), but not necessary, for.
Thus a consensus definition of what constitutes the presence of a phenotype is essential for determining the penetrance of an allele.
Thus, the force on a particle due to a scalar potential,, can be interpreted as a Lagrange multiplier determining the change in action ( transfer of potential to kinetic energy ) following a variation in the particle's constrained trajectory.
Thus determining the phylogenetic history of a species can not be done conclusively by determining evolutionary trees for single genes ".
Thus, on determining that a message being attempted to send is spam, a mail server can reply:
Thus, the number of trades in a given period of time, commonly referred to as the " volume " is important when determining how well a company's market capitalization reflects true fair market value of the company as a whole.
Thus determining the phylogenetic history of a species can not be done conclusively by determining evolutionary trees for single genes.
Thus the main task in determining V is finding the number of interior vertices.
Thus, sympathy plays a role in determining judgments of the actions of others in that if we sympathize with the affections that brought about the action we are more likely to judge the action as just, and vice versa:
Thus, some way of determining where to cease smoothing is needed to group smooth parts of a mesh, just as polygons group 3-sided faces.
Thus his account gives the impression that genes influence development, perhaps altering the course of a region of cells, without determining the endpoints toward which the embryo develops.
Thus without the bodies, determining age is improbable.
Thus when determining the ordering of energy levels in general only the outer valence electrons need to be considered.
Thus, experimental results play an important role in determining the modeling parameters of individual components, especially those that are subject to significant nonlinear deformations.

Thus and price
Thus, if public pressure sets the effective limit to the price that the industry may charge, this pressure is itself a function of the wage rate.
Thus, the public-limit price is raised further by a given wage increase the longer it has been since the previous price increase.
Thus the price of wheat had fallen.
Thus, Hayek put the price mechanism on the same level as, for example, language.
Thus the total revenue curve for a competitive company is a ray with a slope equal to the market price.
Thus for each unit the seller tries to set the price equal to the consumer ’ s reservation price.
Thus the price discrimination promotes efficiency.
Thus nowadays the dominant intuitive idea of the conditions justifying price taking and thus rendering a market perfectly competitive is an amalgam of several different notions, not all present, nor given equal weight, in all treatments.
Thus other people pay the price of water pollution, while the private firms ' profits are not redistributed to the local population victim of this pollution.
Thus environmental groups may purchase and retire emission permits and hence drive up the price of the remaining permits according to the law of demand.
Thus, by charging a higher per unit price and a lower lump-sum fee, the firm has generated area E more profit than if it had charged a lower per-unit price and a higher lump-sum fee.
Thus, the supplier sets a lower price for that consumer because the student or senior has a more elastic Price elasticity of demand ( see the discussion of Price elasticity of demand as it applies to revenues from the first degree price discrimination, above ).
Note that the right-hand side of the equation is also the price of buying a forward contract on the stock with delivery price K. Thus one way to read the equation is that a portfolio that is long a call and short a put is the same as being long a forward.
Thus given no arbitrage opportunities, the above relationship ( put-call parity ) holds, and for any three prices of the call, put, bond and stock one can compute the implied price of the fourth.
Thus, for instance, for call warrants, if the stock price is below the strike price, the warrant has no intrinsic value ( only time value — to be explained shortly ).
Thus it can be argued that the most basic and general definition of price is that expressed in money, and that the exchange ratio between two goods is simply derived from the two individual prices.
Thus, if we took the final price of a good ( the cost to the final consumer ) and analysed the cost structure of that good, we might find that, over a period of time, the direct producers get less income and intermediaries between producers and consumers ( traders ) get more income from it.
Thus the price of the finished product bears no resemblance to the costs of production, since the two represent market conditions at very different points in time.

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