Thus, in general, elementary light optical effects, light scatter, and electron scatter determine the obtainable resolution limit.

Thus, if an optical brightener or color enhancer absorbs light energy and emits it through or with the dye, the appearance changes, as the spectrum of light re-emitted to the observer changes.

Thus optical amplification, and laser operation, can take place at a frequency of ν < sub > 32 </ sub > ( E < sub > 3 </ sub >- E < sub > 2 </ sub > = hν < sub > 32 </ sub >).

Thus, the cost of transmitting a bit over an optical network decreases by half every nine months.

Thus it concerns the interaction between the electromagnetic ( optical ) and the electrical ( electronic ) states of materials.

Thus, sensitive detection of specific optical frequencies necessitates optical heterodyne detection, in which two different ( close-by ) wavelengths of light illuminate the detector so that the oscillating electrical output corresponds to the difference between their frequencies.

Thus, if a wave is traveling through several different media, then the optical path length of each medium can be added to find the total optical path length.

Thus Jansky suspected that the hiss originated well beyond the Earth's atmosphere, and by comparing his observations with optical astronomical maps, Jansky concluded that the radiation was coming from the Milky Way Galaxy and was strongest in the direction of the center of the galaxy, in the constellation of Sagittarius.

Thus, a legacy switch system can be easily " converted " to allow wavelength multiplexed transport over a fiber simply by judicious choice of transceiver wavelengths, combined with an inexpensive passive optical multiplexing device.

Porro prism designs have the added benefit of folding the optical path so that the physical length of the binoculars is less than the focal length of the objective and wider spacing of the objectives gives a better sensation of depth. Thus, the size of binoculars are reduced.

Thus there is not the same direct relation between magnetic optical activity and molecular stereochemistry which would be expected, because it is found in natural optical activity.

Thus, the ground was made for biological experiments with optical trapping.

Thus they show strong optical continuum emission, broad and narrow emission lines, and strong X-ray emission, together with nuclear and often extended radio emission.

Thus, plasmons are collective oscillations of the free electron gas density, for example, at optical frequencies.

Thus, excluding the transmission equipment upgrades, the cost of transmitting a bit over an optical network decreases by half every nine months.

Thus the optical system may contain no nonlinear materials nor active devices ( except possibly, extremely linear active devices ).

Thus, the ( powder ) " grain size " found by laser granulometry can be different from the " grain size " ( or, rather, crystallite size ) found by X-ray diffraction ( e. g. Scherrer method ), by optical microscopy under polarised light, or by scanning electron microscopy ( backscattered electrons ).

Thus, if the size of the quantum dot is small enough that the quantum confinement effects dominate ( typically less than 10 nm ), the electronic and optical properties change, and the fluorescent wavelength is determined by the size.

Thus an optical cavity, also known as a resonator, is a cavity with walls that reflect electromagnetic waves ( light ).

Thus in 1857 he went to Peru in order to determine the magnetic equator ; in 1861 – 1862 and 1864, he studied telluric absorption in the solar spectrum in Italy and Switzerland ; in 1867 he carried out optical and magnetic experiments at the Azores ; he successfully observed both transits of Venus, that of 1874 in Japan, that of 1882 at Oran in Algeria ; and he took part in a long series of solar eclipse-expeditions, e. g. to Trani ( 1867 ), Guntur ( 1868 ), Algiers ( 1870 ), Siam ( 1875 ), the Caroline Islands ( 1883 ), and to Alcosebre in Spain ( 1905 ).

Thus, its nearly flat spectrum on the top with steep sides is due to the effect of optical thickness on the bremsstrahlung spectrum.

Thus, the combined efficiency of the elements replaced by the two fiber plates ( with a combined efficiency of 0.25 ) is 0.043 or about six times less than that of the two fiber plates.

Thus all of the additional signal power is guided in the same fiber mode as the incoming signal. There is usually an isolator placed at the output to prevent reflections returning from the attached fiber.

Thus, unless the quantity of newsprint used each year worldwide declines to reflect the lost fiber, a certain amount of new ( virgin ) fiber is required each year globally, even if the individual newsprint mill may continue to use 100 % recycled fiber.

Thus began Trek ’ s foray into carbon fiber.

Thus, if every fiber has n elements, we speak of an n-fold covering ( for the case n

Thus the 3-sphere is composed of fibers, where each fiber is a circle — one for each point of the 2-sphere.

Thus, products made from this type of flour contain smaller amounts of fiber than those made with whole wheat flour.

Thus the industrial houses can have a very secure fiber connectivity and RailTel can meet all their voice and data VPN requirements.

Thus, there are three major families of superoxide dismutase, depending on the metal cofactor: Cu / Zn ( which binds both copper and zinc ), Fe and Mn types ( which bind either iron or manganese ), and the Ni type, which binds nickel.

Thus, farming of the area proved quite impossible until deficiencies of zinc, copper and molybdenum were identified in the 1940s.

Thus, zinc metal will lose electrons to copper ions and develop a positive electrical charge.

Thus, though lacking the industrial base necessary for mass producing steel and iron, the Swedish steel industry developed a niche market for specialty high-strength steel alloys containing nickel, copper, and vanadium.

Thus the basilica perched on the hill of the guard, and the copper statue gilded which they hoisted on the basilica.

It is thought that the copper strip with the monogram is the work of the descendants of Skanderbeg and was placed there by them, as Skanderbeg never held any other title but “ Lord of Albania ” ( Dominus Albaniae ) Thus the inscriptions on the helmet may refer to the unsettled name by which Albania was known at the time, as a means to identify Skanderbeg's leadership over all Albanians across regional denominative identifications.

Thus, copper mines are often major culprits of acid mine drainage.

Thus, in the lead-up to Federation, the currency used in the Australian colonies consisted of British silver and copper coins, Australian minted gold sovereigns ( worth 1 pound ) and half sovereigns, locally minted copper trade tokens ( suppressed in 1881, some state earlier ( Pitt 2000, pp. 10 – 11 )) and private bank notes.

Thus, while the settlement may have been an economic and ideological center where copper processing occurred, it seems unlikely that it would have been the center of a chiefdom.

Thus, for a period, economics worked in favour of cable cars even in relatively flat cities.

Thus, there is no sewage system, drinking water must be bought from vendors or carried from a nearby tap, and if there is electricity, it is stolen from a passing cable.

Thus most networks had to be rewired for 100-megabit speed whether or not there had supposedly been CAT3 or CAT5 cable runs.

Thus, while one is coming up, the other is going down the mountain, and they pass each other midway on the cable span.

Thus, if CATV operators we considered common carriers, then they certainly would have to give all persons access to carriage on their cable channels.

Thus in subsequent election years, the broadcast networks began increasingly limited their coverage, arguing that those interested can watch the proceedings on a cable news network such as CNN, MSNBC, or the Fox News Channel.

Thus far, Pic River 50 has a thriving forestry company, a cable television company and a high speed internet company.

Thus some cable providers may make it available via ClearQAM, allowing even viewers without a digital cable receiver to receive all of the music channels without additional cost using a digital television.

Thus cables are not in general compatible between different phones, as the phone base may have a socket with pins 2 and 5 ( requiring a straight through cable ), or have an RJ11 socket ( requiring a crossover cable ).

Thus, while New York City viewers got Star Trek: Voyager, cable viewers throughout the rest of the country got Hazel reruns.

" Thus, the advent of services such as Television on demand, Pay-per-view and even premium cable subscription services such as HBO and Showtime open up the opportunity for niche content to reach the right audiences, in an otherwise mass medium.

Thus, ESPN uses some union production crews for its coverage ( as the networks normally do ), whereas non-union personnel is quite common in cable sports broadcasting.

Thus, Weigel decided to use Channel 41 in order to take the rights for these sports and use the lure of the teams to have cable companies carry the station, knowing that it would be the only way to make Channel 41 a viable player in Milwaukee broadcasting.

Thus increasing the voltage and putting a portable transformer at the end might be worthwhile for the benefit of a lower cable area and thus lighter conductors can be used.