Thus, any electromagnetic radiation can " heat " ( in the sense of increase the thermal energy termperature of ) a material, when it is absorbed.

Thus, assigning age significance to a result requires studying the metasomatic and thermal history of the rock, any metamorphic events, and any evidence of fluid movement.

Thus the thermal conductivity of nonmetals is approximately constant at not too low temperatures.

Thus at the atomic level, there are no simple, correct expressions for thermal conductivity.

Thus, thermal conductivity will be largely determined by the speed of longitudinal phonons.

Thus, energy that is saved by reducing artificial lighting is often more than offset by the energy required for operating HVAC systems to maintain thermal comfort.

Thus, as with all heat pumps, the Coefficient of Performance ( amount of thermal energy moved per unit of input work required ) decreases with increasing temperature difference.

Thus there is less water to absorb thermal neutrons that have already been slowed down by the graphite moderator, causing an increase in reactivity.

Thus the term heat for means that amount of energy added or removed by conduction of heat or by thermal radiation, rather than referring to a form of energy within the system.

Thus we may say that two systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other, or that they are in mutual equilibrium.

Thus, metal carbonyls that resist thermal substitution undergo decarbonylation upon irradiation with UV light.

Thus, the gasket is immune to common gasket failure modes that include creep relaxation, high system vibration, or system thermal cycles.

Thus, thermal energy is process-dependent except in systems in which processes to change internal energy other than heating, can be neglected.

Thus, for a system of N particles its thermal energy is

Thus, a microbolometer is essentially an uncooled thermal sensor.

Thus, Marcel waving produced a two-dimensional wave, by thermal means only and the change was produced by plastic flow of the hair, rather than by any chemical means.

Thus in order for blueschist facies assemblages to be seen at the Earth's surface, the rock must be exhumed swiftly enough to prevent total thermal equilibration of the rocks which are under blueschist facies conditions with the typical geothermal gradient.

Thus, although a crystallization age is not recorded, the information is still useful in constructing the thermal history of the rock.

Thus a 10-nanometer film of unfrozen water around each micrometer-sized soil particle can move it 10 micrometers / day in a thermal gradient of as low as 1 ° C km < sup >− 1 </ sup >.

Thus, the conventional explosive of a daisy cutter is more reliable than that of an FAE, particularly if there is significant wind or thermal gradient.

Thus heat has to be provided inside the building to maintain thermal comfort.

Thus in regard to secretion, he showed that secretory glands, such as the submaxillary, are more than mere filters, and that their secretory action is attended by chemical and thermal changes both in themselves and in the blood passing through them.

Thus, in addition to the safety and cost improvements due to eliminating the piping, the overall plant thermal efficiency is increased.

Thus, industrial scale reactions prone to thermal runaway are preferably controlled by the addition of one reagent at a rate corresponding to the available cooling capacity.

Thus with the expansion of the universe, radiation becomes less dominant than matter.

Thus, at UV frequencies and higher ( and probably somewhat also in the visible range ), electromagnetic radiation does far more damage to biological systems than simple heating predicts.

Thus, an additional 6 % of the total energy of fission is also released eventually as non-prompt ionizing radiation, and this is about evenly divided between gamma and beta ray energy.

Thus the observed radiation density ( the sky brightness of extragalactic background light ) can be independent of finiteness of the Universe.

Thus, even in this age of nuclear reactors, naturally-occurring radon is responsible for the majority of the public exposure to ionizing radiation.

Thus, sunlight's composition at ground level, per square meter, with the sun at the zenith, is about 527 watts of infrared radiation, 445 watts of visible light, and 32 watts of ultraviolet radiation.

Thus there are two unknowns ( albedo and size ), which can be determined by two independent measurements ( of the amount of reflected light and emitted infrared heat radiation ).

Thus anode cooling occurs mainly through black-body radiation.

Thus Jansky suspected that the hiss originated well beyond the Earth's atmosphere, and by comparing his observations with optical astronomical maps, Jansky concluded that the radiation was coming from the Milky Way Galaxy and was strongest in the direction of the center of the galaxy, in the constellation of Sagittarius.

Thus the net cloud forcing of the radiation budget is a loss of about 13 W / m².

Thus, at any given moment, the areas along the object's dusk line are warmer than the corresponding areas along the dawn line, and emit more heat radiation.

Thus, these frequencies are classified as ionizing radiation.

Thus, although all people perceive visible radiation the same way, in terms of a continuum of color, people who speak different languages slice up this continuum into discrete colors in different ways.

Thus, the material emits radiation, which has energy characteristic of the atoms present.

Thus, a basal radiation of the Procellariiformes in the Eocene at least ( as with many modern orders of birds ) seems likely, especially given that significant anomalies in molecular evolution rates and patterns have been discovered in the entire family ( see also Leach's Storm-petrel ), and molecular dates must be considered extremely tentative.

Thus, for objects such as transmitting antennas, electrical or electronic equipment, dielectric materials, or where radiation is scattering from an object, the non-radiative ' near field ' components of electromagnetic fields dominate the EM field close to the object, while electromagnetic radiation or ' far field ' behaviors dominate at greater distances.

Thus the radiation resistance of an antenna is a good indicator of the strength of the electromagnetic field radiated by a transmitting antenna or being received by a receiving antenna, since its value is directly proportional to the power of the field.

Thus the Sun emits about 2. 2 billion times the amount of radiation that is caught by Earth, in other words about 3. 86 × 10 < sup > 26 </ sup > watts.

Thus, Petkau's original 1972 experiment apparently revealed the potential effects of ionizing radiation on cells without natural radioprotective mechanisms in place.