This was a significant advance over MFT's memory management, but had some weaknesses: if a job allocated memory dynamically ( as most sort programs and database management systems do ), the programmers had to estimate the job's maximum memory requirement and pre-define it for MVT.

While naive Bayes often fails to produce a good estimate for the correct class probabilities, this may not be a requirement for many applications.

He elsewhere provided a different estimate stating that to replace the income from top-up fees, estimated by the government to be £ 1. 4 billion., would necessitate a requirement " to put up income tax by 3 %" The amount raised by the UK in income tax in 2003-2004 was £ 120 billion.

He elsewhere provided a different estimate stating that to replace the income from top-up fees, estimated by the government to be £ 1. 4 billion., would necessitate a requirement " to put up income tax by 3 %"

is actually a stability radius model characterized by a simple stability requirement of the form where denotes the decision under consideration, denotes the parameter of interest, denotes the estimate of the true value of and denotes a ball of radius centered at.

The nonlinear impairments, on the other hand, would not be possible to estimate in a distributed environment due to their requirement of global traffic knowledge.

An alternative approach to fuel calculation is to calculate alternate and holding fuel as above, and obtain some estimate of the total trip fuel requirement, either based on previous experience with that route and aircraft type, or by using some approximate formula ; neither method can take much account of weather.

The second approach which allows a larger class of objective functions to be considered is to give up the solvability requirement and only try to obtain an estimate of the global minimum.

* If it is required to use a single number X as an estimate for the value of numbers, then the arithmetic mean does this best, in the sense of minimizing the sum of squares ( x < sub > i </ sub > − X )< sup > 2 </ sup > of the residuals.

For a particularly robust two-pass algorithm for computing the variance, first compute and subtract an estimate of the mean, and then use this algorithm on the residuals.

A 2005 estimate of land use determined that the Cayman Islands ' had 3. 85 percent arable land and no permanent crops.

Codecs like FLAC, Shorten and TTA use linear prediction to estimate the spectrum of the signal.

Land use ( 1993 estimate ) includes 29 percent permanent pasture, 27 percent arable land, 8 percent permanent crops, 5 percent forests and woodland, and 31 percent other.

The variance of the estimate X < sub > 1 </ sub > of θ < sub > 1 </ sub > is σ < sup > 2 </ sup > if we use the first experiment.

But if we use the second experiment, the variance of the estimate given above is σ < sup > 2 </ sub >/ 8.

Geotechnical engineers use specialized tools, such as the cone penetration test, to estimate the amount of skin and end bearing resistance available in the subsurface.

As mentioned above, Tim Groseclose of UCLA and Jeff Milyo of the University of Missouri at Columbia use think tank quotes, in order to estimate the relative position of mass media outlets in the political spectrum.

One estimate places the total number of television sets in use in the early 1990s at 250, 000 sets.

If they both used the Attic stadion of about 185 meters, then the older estimate is 1 / 6 too large, and Ptolemy's value is 1 / 6 too small, a difference explained as due to ancient scientists ' use of simple methods of measuring the earth, which were corrupted either high or low by a factor of 5 / 6, due to air's bending of horizontal light rays by 1 / 6 of the Earth's curvature.

Geotechnical engineers use specialized tools, such as the cone penetration test, to estimate the amount of skin and end bearing resistance available in the subsurface.

About 346 million tonnes have been extracted throughout history to 2002, and one estimate found that about 109 million tonnes of that remains in use.

Another check is to use an algorithm such as the lower bound algorithm to estimate if this tour is good enough.

In this book you can find a formula to estimate the distance from a point outside the Mandelbrot set to the boundary of the Mandelbrot set ( and a similar formula for the Julia sets ), and one can wonder why the creator did not use this function instead of the potential function, because it grows in a more natural way ( see the formula in the articles Mandelbrot set and Julia set ).

It is often desired to use a posterior distribution to estimate a parameter or variable.

General aviation pilots use dew-point data to calculate the likelihood of carburetor icing and fog, and to estimate the height of the cloud base.

The same high-level principles can still apply, though: one can estimate a name's position in the phone book using the relative frequencies of letters in names and use that as a probe location.

A third methodology to estimate the actual evapotranspiration is the use of the energy balance.

There are many methods we might use to estimate the unknown parameter k. Noting that the n equations in the m variables in our data comprise an overdetermined system with one unknown and n equations, we may choose to estimate k using least squares.

In studies of animal navigation, dead reckoning is more commonly ( though not exclusively ) known as path integration, and animals use it to estimate their current location based on the movements they made since their last known location.

Other sources estimate that about 70 percent of the current GIS users make use of Esri products.

The U. S. publisher Ward's, estimate that as of 2010 there were 1. 015 billion motor vehicles in use in the world.

To use the groundwater flow equation to estimate the distribution of hydraulic heads,

< sup > 3 </ sup > He /< sup > 4 </ sup > He isotope chemistry is being used to date groundwaters, estimate groundwater flow rates, track water pollution, and provide insights into hydrothermal processes, igneous geology and ore genesis.

; Design: A set of experimental runs which allows the fit of a particular model and the estimate of effects.

An " estimator " or " point estimate " is a statistic ( that is, a function of the data ) that is used to infer the value of an unknown parameter in a statistical model.

* Internal model, a neural process that simulates the response of the motor system in order to estimate the outcome of a motor command

The model successfully flew with a combination of soaring and wing flapping ; however, the model was half scale based on a then-current weight estimate of around 80 kg, far lower than more modern estimates of over 200 kg.

Gouraud shading works as follows: An estimate to the surface normal of each vertex in a polygonal 3D model is either specified for each vertex or found by averaging the surface normals of the polygons that meet at each vertex.

If an accurate estimate of the field at some other place and time is needed, the measurements must be converted to a model and the model used to make predictions.

When the number of control points exceeds the minimum required to define the appropriate transformation model, iterative algorithms like RANSAC can be used to robustly estimate the parameters of a particular transformation type ( e. g. affine ) for registration of the images.

The estimate is updated using a state transition model and measurements.

These models are called relaxed molecular clocks because they represent an intermediate position between the ' strict ' molecular clock hypothesis and Felsenstein's many-rates model and are made possible through MCMC techniques that explore a weighted range of tree topologies and simultaneously estimate parameters of the chosen substitution model.

This is not as informative as volumes, but may be much easier to estimate with e. g. M-Mode echocardiography or with sonomicrometry ( mostly used for animal model research ).

In order to do this, he had to estimate the size of the universe according to the then-current model, and invent a way to talk about extremely large numbers.

It is mainly used in settings where the goal is prediction, and one wants to estimate how accurately a predictive model will perform in practice.

One can estimate a normal-ogive latent trait model by factor-analyzing a matrix of tetrachoric correlations between items.

This means it is technically possible to estimate a simple IRT model using general-purpose statistical software.

These effect sizes estimate the amount of the variance within an experiment that is " explained " or " accounted for " by the experiment's model.

Suppose there is a series of observations from a univariate distribution and we want to estimate the mean of that distribution ( the so-called location model ).

But this steady-flow model was studied further in the hope it still could give a reasonable estimate of drag.

A series of related terms were also named after Krige, including kriged estimate, kriged estimator, kriging variance, kriging covariance, zero kriging variance, unity kriging covariance, kriging matrix, kriging method, kriging model, kriging plan, kriging process, kriging system, block kriging, co-kriging, disjunctive kriging, linear kriging, ordinary kriging, point kriging, random kriging, regular grid kriging, simple kriging and universal kriging.

It is often helpful to estimate customer lifetime value with a simple model to make initial assessments of customer segments and targeting.

An estimate of the brain's processing power, based on a simple switch model for neuron activity, is around 10 < sup > 14 </ sup > ( 100 trillion ) neuron updates per second.

They estimate a representative-agent DSGE model on the basis of the aggregate data implied by their heterogeneous-agent economy, and show that the estimated coefficients are inconsistent with the true parameters of the heterogeneous economy.