Baynes had greatly impressed Tolkien with her illustrations for his Farmer Giles of Ham ( 1949 ).

Various movie-only sources, like The Lord of the Rings: Weapons and Warfare and the spin-off games by Electronic Arts, greatly expand on what Tolkien wrote about trolls.

The term " Elfconners " has subsequently been used by critics ( and formerly and in passing by one member ), at least in quotation marks, to refer to the group of editors appointed by Christopher Tolkien and granted access by him to unpublished wriitngs by J. R. R. Tolkien on his invented languages, although some members have rejected the term both as a misnomer and as intentionally derogatory, and the group prefers the both accurate and neutral term " the Editorial Team ".

Tolkien also explores the motif of jewels that inspire intense greed that corrupts those who covet them in the Silmarillion, and there are connections between the words " Arkenstone " and " Silmaril " in Tolkien's invented etymologies.

In 1969 ( over 30 years after first publication ), Tolkien sold the film and merchandising rights to The Hobbit to United Artists under an agreement stipulating a lump sum payment of £ 10, 000 plus a 7. 5 % royalty after costs, payable to Allen & Unwin and the author.

First to be introduced were their northern descendants — the " Rangers ", and the southern people appeared when Tolkien pondered in 1939 over the course of the narrative following the Council of Elrond.

In the fictional high fantasy-world of J. R. R. Tolkien, the War of the Ring was fought between Sauron and the free peoples of Middle-earth for control of the One Ring and dominion over the continent.

The Elvish form Nírnaeth Arnoediad ( pronounced ; in this case the digraph oe denotes a rounded variant of the sound, more or less like German ' ö ') comes from Sindarin, one of the languages invented by Tolkien, and translates to Tears Uncountable: nîn means ' tear ( s )', in compound nírnaeth ' tears of woe '; prefix ar-bears the sense of ' beyond ' and the root nod-means ' count ', with o umlauted to œ by the following i. J. R. R. Tolkien often omitted the accent over the first vowel ( due to haste or neglect ), and this spelling was introduced into the published Silmarillion by Christopher Tolkien ; in editorial text within later writings, as The War of the Jewels, he used the accented form.

The first, " The New Shadow ," is a sequel to The Lord of the Rings, set a little over a century later in the time of Eldarion, Aragorn's son, which Tolkien abandoned after about thirty pages.

According to Humphrey Carpenter, " Those friends who knew Ronald and Edith Tolkien over the years never doubted that there was deep affection between them.

The membership of the Inklings changed over the years, Tolkien, for example, drifted away from the meetings in the late 1950s.

Norman Davis, successor of Tolkien at the Merton Chair of English Language, invited Shippey over for dinner.

Many famous writers, past and present, are connected with Headingley: Arthur Ransome, best known perhaps for the children's classic Swallows and Amazons, was born there, J. R. R. Tolkien, author of The Lord of the Rings, lived there when he worked at the university, playwright Alan Bennett once lived over a butcher's shop ( now a dry cleaner's ) opposite the Three Horseshoes and TV writer Kay Mellor lives in Weetwood today.

Although Tolkien abandoned them before their respective ends, they are both long enough to occupy many stanzas, each of which can last for over ten pages.

Tolkien ( 1892 – 1973 ) A famous writer, known best for The Lord of the Rings ( lived in an area of Edgbaston now taken over by the extension of the Ladywood Ward boundaries ).

Tolkien wrote that the later Ages lasted about 3, 000 years, though this duration was not fixed and he felt that the Ages ' sped up ' over time.

This remained intact for over a week until the administrators caught on and replaced Miss Banks with J. R. R. Tolkien.

It is claimed that more than five million MP3s have been downloaded from him ; over one million of those were for " Tolkien ( The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings ).

They generally fit the Tolkien archetype in other ways, however, being focused towards speed over durability and skilled in archery.

The contrasts, the evocative storyline and the themes of yearning for comfort, of brotherly affection, loyalty and struggle for freedom went over well with a wide readership that was often familiar with Tolkien's Lord of the Rings trilogy and with folktales, and in many ways Lindgren's novel is an example of what Tolkien described as inspiration drawn from " the deeper folktale " ( in On Fairy-Stories ) and the cathartic, poignant power of such stories.

C. S. Lewis, friend of Tolkien ( and later author of The Chronicles of Narnia between 1949 – 1964 ), writing in The Times reports:

Auden was later to correspond with Tolkien, and they became friends.

Tolkien wrote the later story in much less humorous tones and infused it with more complex moral and philosophical themes.

On the association between the two ' Inklings ' societies, Tolkien later said " although our habit was to read aloud compositions of various kinds ( and lengths!

* The following samples presumably predate the Lord of the Rings, but they were not explicitly dated: DTS 16, DTS 17, DTS 18 – Elvish Script Sample I, II, III, with parts of the English poems Errantry and Bombadil, first published in the Silmarillion Calendar 1978, later in Pictures by J. R. R. Tolkien, as well as DTS 23 – So Lúthien, a page of the English Lay of Leithan text facsimiled in The Lays of Beleriand: 299.

Tolkien wrote, many years later: " it was like discovering a complete wine-cellar filled with bottles of an amazing wine of a kind and flavour never tasted before.

When writing The Hobbit in the early 1930s Tolkien gave the name Gandalf to the leader of the Dwarves, the character later called Thorin Oakenshield.

Tolkien later assigned this name to an ancient king who had ordered some spears from the dwarves.

Tolkien explicitly links Gandalf to the element Fire later in the same essay:

There he learnt a lot about writing and editing, and later admitted of Tolkien's influence, " to be successful in fantasy, you have to take the measure of Tolkien — work with his strengths and away from his weaknesses ".

Textual history was traced by Christopher Tolkien in the volumes of The History of Middle-earth, and the overall subject has gained attention among later researchers and fans.

The word tarlang means " stiff neck " in Sindarin, and was stated by Tolkien to have originally been the name of the mountain ridge, later interpreted by folk as a personal name .</ div >

As he later recalled, Tolkien thought about " adventures " that the Company would meet on their way to Mordor and considered employing " Stone-Men " as one of them ; other preserved notes mention a " city of stone and civilized men ", its siege and a " Land of Ond ".

By the time Tolkien began rewriting " The Council of Elrond " a year later, he had developed a story that Aragorn's ancestors were in past Kings in Boromir's hometown.

While working upon the " Homeric catalogue ", as he called it, of the reinforcements coming to Minas Tirith, Tolkien devised the names Lossarnach, Anfalas, Lamedon and Pinnath Gelin, all of which appear on a new version of the map in final locations with the exception of Lamedon, first placed in northern Lebennin and later moved westward.

The appendices to The Lord of the Rings were brought to a finished state in 1953 – 54, but a decade later, during preparations for the release of the Second Edition, Tolkien elaborated the events that had led to the Kin-strife and introduced the regency of Rómendacil II.

Along with a few words in Khuzdul, Tolkien also developed runes of his own invention ( the Cirth ), said to have been invented by Elves and later adopted by the Dwarves.

The most Dwarf-centric story from The Book of Lost Tales, " The Nauglafring ", was not redrafted to fit with the later positive portrayal of the dwarves from The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, nor other events in the Silmarillion, leading Christopher Tolkien significantly to rewrite it with input from Guy Gavriel Kay in preparation for publication.

While studying at Oxford, Tolkien developed a constructed language that later became known as Quenya.

It may be that Tolkien conceived the Elvish word Arda as the fictional prehistoric source of such words in later Mannish languages.

However, it is unclear if this is the case, and it appears that Tolkien may have dropped the use of " vanya " as a verb in his later conceptions of Quenya.

Dragons will be still present but they will not interfere until later ages according to letter 144 of Tolkien.

While Tolkien originally described Middle-earth as a fictional early history of the real Earth he later adjusted this slightly to describe it as a mythical time within the history of Earth.

But this is not borne out in any of the later genealogies that Tolkien left behind.