Enya has also sung songs written entirely or partially in Welsh, Spanish, French, and even languages created by J. R. R. Tolkien.

Tolkien also physically fabricated several pages of another fictional book, the Book of Mazarbul.

It was also an influence on J. R. R. Tolkien, who read it a few years before it was published in 1917.

Barker's legendarium, like that of the better-known J. R. R. Tolkien, considered not just the creation of a fantasy world but also an in-depth development of the societies and languages of the world.

Tolkien wrote in his essay " On Fairy Stories " that the terms " fantasy " and " enchantment " are connected to not only "... the satisfaction of certain primordial human desires ..." but also "... the origin of language and of the mind.

Tolkien also created scripts for his Elvish languages, of which the best known are the Sarati, the Tengwar, and the Cirth.

Tolkien not only invented many languages but also scripts.

The work was accompanied by two essays, also by Tolkien, one before and one after the main work.

In the appendices of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien says the " true " or Westron form of Sam's name is Banazîr Galbasi ( also spelled Galpsi ).

Along with a few words in Khuzdul, Tolkien also developed runes of his own invention ( the Cirth ), said to have been invented by Elves and later adopted by the Dwarves.

Tolkien also elaborated on Jewish influence on his Dwarves in a letter: " I do think of the ' Dwarves ' like Jews: at once native and alien in their habitations, speaking the languages of the country, but with an accent due to their own private tongue ..."

In The Lord of the Rings Tolkien writes that they breed slowly, for no more than a third of them are female, and not all marry ; also, female Dwarves look and sound ( and dress, if journeying — which is rare ) so alike to Dwarf-males that other folk cannot distinguish them, and thus others wrongly believe Dwarves grow out of stone.

Tolkien also makes reference to Giants in The Hobbit.

Tolkien also used Rohanese occasionally in his letters )

In the last two lines Tolkien has also introduced the character of answers familiar from Old English riddle literature, while he has extended the staccato Anglo-Saxon lines of his model to adjust to our expectations of five-beat stress in heroic poetry in English.

Tolkien was also aware of the name's Germanic cognates ( Old Norse Aurvandill, Lombardic Auriwandalo ), and the question why the Anglo-Saxon one rather than the Lombardic or Proto-Germanic form should be taken up in the mythology is alluded to in The Notion Club Papers.

Fëanor is among those major characters whom Tolkien, who also used to illustrate his writings, supplied with a distinct heraldic device.

These machines do not appear in the published Silmarillion, also edited by Christopher Tolkien, in which real dragons attack the city.

" He also noted that it was one of the passages of the book " in which the coincidental resemblance to Tolkien, a sharing of sources rather than direct influence, is too close for comfort.

Shippey also suggests that, while Tolkien discouraged reading this story as allegory, a good case can be made that Nokes represents the literary, critical approach to studying English, belittling the contributions of the philological approach represented by the previous Master Cook.

( Supposedly Tolkien also lived in Brill for a short while.

Also, in an unpublished letter sent to Gene Wolfe, Tolkien also made this comment:

* In a comparison with the later literature, The Lord of the Rings ( 1954-1955 ) by J. R. R. Tolkien, the character Gollum, as well as Smaug, could be seen to have been inspired by Fáfnir, who was also corrupted by greed and transformed into a vile creature.

Plant was also influenced by J. R. R. Tolkien, whose book series inspired lyrics in some early Led Zeppelin songs.

In the final part of the lecture, Tolkien explores the concept of phonaesthetics, citing the phrase cellar door as a recognized beautiful-sounding phrase in English, adding that to his own taste, in Welsh " cellar doors are extraordinarily frequent ".

Tolkien greatly prefers this motif over the later medieval trend of using the dragon as a symbolic or allegorical figure, such as in the legend of St. George.

In an online author chat, Cherith Baldry listed the authors that inspire her as including Tolkien, Ursula K. Le Guin, and Shakespeare.

J. R. R. Tolkien, in the legendarium surrounding his Elves, uses " Gnomes " as a name of the Noldor, the most gifted and technologically minded of his elvish races, in conscious exploitation of the similarity with gnomic ; Gnomes is thus Tolkien's English loan-translation of Quenya Noldor, " those with knowledge ".

Tolkien emphasizes that through the use of fantasy, which he equates with fancy and imagination, the author can bring the reader to experience a world which is consistent and rational, under rules other than those of the normal world.

It has three gates, including the one Tolkien described and two which cannot be closed, to allow those playing as invading forces to easily enter the stronghold.

Tolkien was inspired by the dwarves of Norse myths and dwarfs of traditional European fairy-tales ( such as those of the Brothers Grimm ), from whom his Dwarves take their characteristic affinity with mining, metalworking, crafting and avarice.

In the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, the Noldor ( meaning those with knowledge in Quenya ) are Elves of the Second Clan who migrated to Valinor and lived in Eldamar.

Determining the epoch of a Fifth Age is important for those who apply the Tolkien calendar to present dates.

Critic Steve Turner suggests that Plant's early and continued experiences in Wales served as the foundation for his broader interest in the mythologies he revisits in his lyrics ( including those myth systems of Tolkien and the Norse ).

In the Quenta Silmarillion Tolkien wrote, " From that day the hearts of the Elves were estranged from Men, save only those of the Three Houses of the Edain.

Variations of the city appear throughout the series ( most frequently as Uriconium and Vriko ), in an attempt by Harrison to subvert the concept of thoroughly-mapped secondary worlds featured in certain works of fantasy, particularly those by J. R. R. Tolkien and his host of successors.

The Moon is highly fantasized ; envisioned by Tolkien as a place full of mythical creatures reminiscent of those found in the works of Lewis Carroll

Tolkien wrote " There was something very remote and strange and beautiful behind those words, if I could grasp it, far beyond ancient English.

The Book of Lost Tales is the title of a collection of early stories by J. R. R. Tolkien, and of the first two volumes of Christopher Tolkien's 12-volume series The History of Middle-earth, in which he presents and analyses the manuscripts of those stories, which were the earliest form of the complex fictional myths that would eventually comprise The Silmarillion.

It was in the " Quenta Silmarillion " which was written in the 1930s, that Tolkien first used the term Dark-elves for those elves who were lost on their wanderings towards Valinor and did not see the light of the Two Trees.

: it at once brings to mind a word from one of those warm-blooded languages English speakers invest with musical beauty, spare in clusters and full of liquids, nasals, and open syllables with cardinal vowel nuclei — the languages of the Mediterranean or Polynesia, or the sentimentalized Celtic that Lewis and Tolkien turned into a staple of fantasy fiction

J. R. R. Tolkien, the author of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, sold the film, stage and merchandising rights of those works to United Artists in 1968, who in turn sold them to the Saul Zaentz Company in 1976 which licenses them through Tolkien Enterprises.

And for me this had a reassuring outcome, for most of his more ardent supporters were soon beginning to sell out their shares in Professor Tolkien, and today those books have passed into a merciful oblivion.

Later, in the late 1920s, Tolkien applied the word only to those Elves ( later called Sindar ) who lived in Beleriand and were ruled by King Thingol:

The text is in Quenya, but Tolkien did not provide a translation and some of the words are unlike those used in the final poem.

McKiernan has subsequently developed stories in the series that followed along a story line different from those that plausibly could have been taken by Tolkien.

It is claimed that more than five million MP3s have been downloaded from him ; over one million of those were for " Tolkien ( The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings ).