The view of J. R. R. Tolkien is that the poem retains a much too genuine memory of Anglo-Saxon paganism to have been composed more than a few generations after the completion of the Christianisation of England around AD 700.

The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien ( 1937 ) is seminal, predating the lecture On Fairy-Stories by the same author by a few years.

" Farmer Giles of Ham " is a Medieval fable written by J. R. R. Tolkien in 1937 and published in 1949.

Tolkien insists, tongue in cheek, that the village of Thame originally referred to the Tame Dragon housed in it, and that " tame with an h is a folly without warrant.

In contrast to Tolkien, Martin does not intend to publish his private backstory notes after the series is finished.

J. R. R. Tolkien, in the legendarium surrounding his Elves, uses " Gnomes " as a name of the Noldor, the most gifted and technologically minded of his elvish races, in conscious exploitation of the similarity with gnomic ; Gnomes is thus Tolkien's English loan-translation of Quenya Noldor, " those with knowledge ".

Tolkien, the magical realism of Gabriel García Márquez ) and what the significance of this difference is.

is: J. R. R. Tolkien

" Leaf by Niggle " is a short story written by J. R. R. Tolkien in 1938 – 39 and first published in the Dublin Review in January 1945.

" On Fairy-Stories " is an essay by J. R. R. Tolkien which discusses the fairy-story as a literary form.

Tolkien emphasizes that through the use of fantasy, which he equates with fancy and imagination, the author can bring the reader to experience a world which is consistent and rational, under rules other than those of the normal world.

In conclusion and as expanded upon in an epilogue, Tolkien asserts that a truly good and representative fairy story is marked by joy: " Far more powerful and poignant is the effect joy in a serious tale of Faerie.

J. R. R. Tolkien opposed the nationalist reaction against philological practices, claiming that " the philological instinct " was " universal as is the use of language ".

Probably the most famous user of proverbs in novels is J. R. R. Tolkien in his The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings series.

Tolkien: Master of Middle-earth ," which describes the impact Tolkien's writings had on him, is featured in the following titles:

The book, featuring a text in Middle English with extensive scholarly notes, is frequently confused with the translation into Modern English that Tolkien prepared, along with translations of Pearl and Sir Orfeo, late in his life.

Tolkien, however, is not simply skimming historical sources for effect: linguistic styles, especially the relationship between the modern and ancient, has been seen to be one of the major themes explored by the story.

Tolkien is credited with being the first critic to expound on Beowulf as a literary work with value beyond merely historical, and his 1936 lecture Beowulf: the Monsters and the Critics is still required reading for students of Anglo-Saxon.

The Mythopoeic Society is a literary organization devoted to the study of mythopoeic literature, particularly the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, and Charles Williams, founded in 1967 and incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1971.

One of the most popular " trilogies " of fantasy books, The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien, is not a trilogy, though it is often referred to as such.

The sarati, described in Parma Eldalamberon 13, a script developed by J. R. R. Tolkien in the late 1910s, anticipates many features of the tengwar, especially the vowel representation by diacritics ( which is found in many tengwar varieties ), different tengwar shapes and a few correspondences between sound features and letter shape features ( though inconsistent ).

Even closer to the tengwar is the Valmaric script, described in Parma Eldalamberon 14, which J. R. R. Tolkien used from about 1922 to 1925.

Tolkien, an accomplished Beowulf scholar, claims the poem to be among his " most valued sources " in writing The Hobbit.

The Beowulf poem contains several elements that Tolkien borrowed for The Hobbit, including a monstrous, intelligent dragon.

In many ways the Smaug episode reflects and references the dragon of Beowulf, and Tolkien uses the episode to put into practice some of the ground-breaking literary theories he had developed about the Anglo-Saxon poem and its early medieval portrayal of the dragon as having bestial intelligence.

The courage displayed by Samwise Gamgee on his journey with Frodo, his subjection to dangers and the preparedness to die out of loyalty for Frodo is the kind of spirit that was praised by Tolkien in a number of essays on the Old English poem " The Battle of Maldon ".

" To achieve a resonant sense of the lost past, the now-legendary time of a peaceful alliance of the Horse-lords with the city of Gondor, Tolkien has adapted lines of the Old English poem The Wanderer.

There is a poem by Tolkien dated to 1914 entitled " The Voyage of Eärendel the Evening Star " ( published in The Book of Lost Tales 2 267 – 269 ).

In 1914 when he was studying at King Edward's School, Birmingham, Tolkien wrote a poem The Voyage of Earendel the Evening Star which was inspired by the " Crist " poem of Cynewulf.

Sometimes a song or a poem or an image in a fiction work, which was actually composed by the author, is attributed by the author to one of his characters, for example the song " Namarie " in The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien, which Tolkien attributes to the character Galadriel.

Explaining the insertion of the term in one poem included there Tolkien states that Manwë will " descend from Taniquetil " in order to confront Morgoth, an event that is foreshadowed in " Myths Transformed ", one text published in Morgoth's Ring.

There is an early poem by Tolkien, entitled " Kortirion ", several versions of which can be found in The Book of Lost Tales, Volume I.

Tolkien also made use of the fornyrðislag in his narrative poem The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun, based upon the poetry of the Elder Edda and written to retell the Norse saga of Sigurd and the fall of the Niflungs.

Tolkien consciously based the lay on the medieval story of Kullervo in the Finnish mythological poem Kalevala, saying that it was " an attempt to reorganize ... the tale of Kullervo the hapless, into a form of my own ".

" Bilbo's Last Song " is a poem by J. R. R. Tolkien.

The film's distributor, New Line Cinema, was not licensed to use the poem as it is a separate work from The Lord of the Rings and Christopher Tolkien, son of the author and his literary executor, refused to license it as he steadfastly refused to have anything to do with the movies.

J. R. R. Tolkien was inspired by references in the Crist poem, deriving both the character Eärendil, also associated with the morning star, and his use of Middle-earth from it ( see Sauron Defeated p.

* In the final episode, Bilbo's Last Song, a Tolkien poem which does not appear in the novel is used to flesh out the sequence at the Grey Havens.

Tolkien wrote Mythopoeia ( the poem ) following a discussion on the night of 19 September 1931 at Magdalen College, Oxford with C. S. Lewis and Hugo Dyson in order to explain and defend creative myth-making.

* Mythopoeia ( genre ), a word coined ( and used as the title of a poem ) by mythology scholar and fantasy author J. R. R. Tolkien to mean " myth-making "; it has since become a literature and film genre of myth-like fictional narratives, especially in the high fantasy tradition.

Tolkien, who adopted elements of the poem into The Lord of the Rings, is typical of such dissatisfaction.

* The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun is a narrative poem by J. R. R. Tolkien which adapts the Niflung legends into alliterative verse.

" Namárië " is a poem by J. R. R. Tolkien written in Quenya, a constructed language, and published for the first time in The Lord of the Rings ( The Fellowship of the Ring, Book 2, Chapter " Farewell to Lórien ").