In The Father Christmas Letters, which Tolkien wrote for his children, Red Gnomes are helpful creatures who come from Norway to the North Pole to assist Father Christmas and his Elves in fighting the wicked Goblins.

It was also an influence on J. R. R. Tolkien, who read it a few years before it was published in 1917.

Tolkien also explores the motif of jewels that inspire intense greed that corrupts those who covet them in the Silmarillion, and there are connections between the words " Arkenstone " and " Silmaril " in Tolkien's invented etymologies.

Many of the thematic and stylistic differences arose because Tolkien wrote The Hobbit as a story for children, and The Lord of the Rings for the same audience, who had subsequently grown up since its publication.

In 1976 ( three years after the author's death ) United Artists sold the rights to Saul Zaentz Company, who trade as Tolkien Enterprises.

J. R. R. Tolkien is one of many scholars who have studied and promoted the Mercian dialect of Old English, and introduced various Mercian terms into his legendarium – especially in relation to the Kingdom of Rohan, otherwise known as the Mark ( a name cognate with Mercia ).

Tolkien later assigned this name to an ancient king who had ordered some spears from the dwarves.

Language invention had always been tightly connected to the mythology that Tolkien developed, as he found that a language could not be complete without the history of the people who spoke it, just as these people could never be fully realistic if imagined only through the English language and as speaking English.

Boromir has been mentioned with other Tolkienian characters such as Fëanor or Túrin Turambar who display " excess " for the sake of their own personal glory, a trait in leaders that Tolkien himself despised.

Tolkien claimed to be genuinely surprised when, in March 1956, he received a letter from one Sam Gamgee, who had heard that his name was in The Lord of the Rings but had not read the book.

In the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, the Noldor ( meaning those with knowledge in Quenya ) are Elves of the Second Clan who migrated to Valinor and lived in Eldamar.

Fëanor is among those major characters whom Tolkien, who also used to illustrate his writings, supplied with a distinct heraldic device.

In the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, the Teleri, Those who come last in Quenya ( singular Teler ) were the third of the Elf clans who came to Aman.

Determining the epoch of a Fifth Age is important for those who apply the Tolkien calendar to present dates.

In the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien, the Edain () were men ( humans ) who made their way into Beleriand in the First Age, and were friendly to the Elves.

* In a comparison with the later literature, The Lord of the Rings ( 1954-1955 ) by J. R. R. Tolkien, the character Gollum, as well as Smaug, could be seen to have been inspired by Fáfnir, who was also corrupted by greed and transformed into a vile creature.

Sindarin was a language Tolkien created and described the Elves of Middle-Earth to possess ; who " awoke " the Ents and taught them language.

* The Minor Arcana consist of highly skilled magicians such as the Alchemist seeking the philosopher's stone and the potion of immortality, the Jewelsmith Artificer, which manufactures protective amulets and rings Powers ( similar the Elves of Eregion who were manipulated by Sauron in the work of Tolkien ), the Mechanician Artificer that makes the statues come alive, mechanisms and magical traps, the Weaponsmith Artificer that manufactures weapons and armor magic ( a class in which Dwarves particularly excel ), the Astrologer who reads the future in the stars and Diviner which reads the future in Tarot cards.

Tolkien, who purchased a volume of Thompson's works in 1913-1914, and later said that it was an important influence on his own writing.

J. R. R. Tolkien, author of The Lord of the Rings, stayed in Great Haywood during the winter of 1916 / 17 and in his story ' The Tale of the Sun and the Moon ' ( The Book of Lost Tales 1 ) he writes about a gnome called Gilfanon who owned an ancient house "... the House of a Hundred Chimneys, that stands nigh the bridge of Tavrobel ".

Tolkien elaborates on this by having Gondor's townspeople most inhospitable to the man in the moon, who is robbed and fed stale porridge in a kitchen corner.

The hotel has played host to many famous and influential people including Alfred Lord Tennyson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Hilaire Belloc, G. K. Chesterton and J. R. R. Tolkien who spent several holidays there.

Tolkien said he would never allow Lord of the Rings, his great work, to appear in ' so degenerate a form ’ as the paperback book.

Although Ace and Wollheim have become the villains in the Tolkien publishing gospel, it's probable that the whole Tolkien boom would not have happened if Ace hadn't published them.

Tolkien was among the pioneers of the genre that we would now call fantasy writing.

" Tolkien sees Christianity as partaking in and fulfilling the overarching mythological nature of the cosmos: " I would venture to say that approaching the Christian story from this perspective, it has long been my feeling ( a joyous feeling ) that God redeemed the corrupt making-creatures, men, in a way fitting to this aspect, as to others, of their strange nature.

** John Ronald Reuel Tolkien marries Edith Bratt ( they would serve as the inspiration for the fictional characters Lúthien and Beren ).

The parody generally follows the outline of The Lord of the Rings, including the preface, the prologue, poetry, and songs, while making light of what Tolkien made serious ( e. g., " He would have finished him off then and there, but pity stayed his hand.

As he later recalled, Tolkien thought about " adventures " that the Company would meet on their way to Mordor and considered employing " Stone-Men " as one of them ; other preserved notes mention a " city of stone and civilized men ", its siege and a " Land of Ond ".

Later that year Tolkien began the chapters dealing with central Gondor, and in his sketches first appear the beacons of Anórien, " immense concentric walls " of Minas Tirith, the idea that Aragorn would come to Minas Tirith passing south of the White Mountains, and the towns of Erech and Pelargir.

However, Christopher Tolkien notes in Unfinished Tales that the assumption Radagast failed in his task may not be entirely accurate considering that he was specifically chosen by Yavanna, and he may have been assigned to protect the flora and fauna of Middle-earth, a task that would not end with the defeat of Sauron and the end of the War of the Ring.

Ultimately Anglo-Saxon England was defeated by the cavalry of the Normans at the Battle of Hastings, and some Tolkien scholars have speculated that the Rohirrim are Tolkien's wishful version of an Anglo-Saxon society that retained a " rider culture ", and would have been able to resist such an invasion.

It was presumably lost at the fall of Sauron, but since the Stones are virtually indestructible, it would still be buried in the wreckage of the Dark Tower, or ( as Christopher Tolkien speculates in Unfinished Tales ) destroyed by the eruption of Orodruin.

The similarity to Atlantis has led some to conclude that Akallabêth is one very long setup for what Tolkien would have considered a delightful pun, but Tolkien described it as merely a happy coincidence.

:" Garner is indisputably the great originator, the most important British writer of fantasy since Tolkien, and in many respects better than Tolkien, because deeper and more truthful ... Any country except Britain would have long ago recognised his importance, and celebrated it with postage stamps and statues and street-names.

In some of his later writings Tolkien made changes which might indicate that no Vala had definite knowledge of what would happen at the end of the world, beyond that a Last Battle would be fought between the forces of Light and Darkness.

Christopher Tolkien removed the prophecy from The Silmarillion based on a 1958 version of the Valaquenta wherein his father wrote that none of Mandos ' dooms had declared whether the Marring of Arda would ever be repaired ( Christopher Tolkien adopted this passage and used it to close the Quenta Silmarillion ).

Later, however, Tolkien would write that these names were given in their own language with unknown significance.

In his later, post-The Lord of the Rings writings ( including The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and many essays published in The Peoples of Middle-earth ), Tolkien preferred the spelling Ork, evidently mainly to avoid the form Orcish, which would be naturally pronounced with the c as / s / instead of / k / in English.

Tolkien would have had to change the cosmology and prehistory of Arda, for the awakening of Men to happen earlier, for there to have been Men for Morgoth or Sauron to corrupt.

* J. R. R. Tolkien uses the king in the mountain in various places in his legendarium: the form of the Dead Men of Dunharrow, the armies and king of Númenor who are trapped by the Valar when Númenor is destroyed, and in the Second Prophecy of Mandos which states that the dead heroes Túrin and Beren would return to help to defeat Morgoth at the end of times.