Dagestan is ethnically very diverse, with several dozen ethnic groups and subgroups inhabiting the republic, most of which speak Caucasian, Turkic, or Iranian languages.

Because of their jurisdiction over the area in the past, Turkic people today still call the Caspian Sea the Khazar Sea.

# The convergence of voiced uvular stop ( ق ) and voiced velar fricative ( غ ) in Iranian Persian ( presumably under the influence of Turkic languages like Azeri ), is still kept separate in Dari.

Via contacts with Turkic peoples like the Uyghurs, this Sogdian name came to the Mongols, who still name this deity Qormusta Tengri ; Qormusta ( or Qormusda ) is now a popular enough deity to appear in many contexts that are not explicitly Buddhist.

In the earlier stages of the Ottoman Empire, a Turkic form of Shamanism was still widely practiced in Anatolia, which soon started to give in to the mysticism offered by Sufism.

Kyrgyz was originally written in the Turkic runes, gradually replaced by an Arabic alphabet ( in use until 1928 in USSR, still in use in China ).

The Yörük, also Yürüks or Yuruks are a Turkic people ultimately of Oghuz descent, some of whom are still semi-nomadic, primarily inhabiting the mountains of Anatolia and partly Balkan peninsula.

While the Sogdian alphabet was still in use, the language also began being written in the Old Turkic script from the 6th century and onwards until the 9th century.

In the 19th century, a member of the Dolgans, a Turkic people who lived east of the Nganasans, was also absorbed by the Nganasans, and his descendants formed an eponymous clan, which today, though linguistically fully Samoyedic, is still acknowledged as being Dolgan in origin.

Up to the nineteenth century, there was still a large number of Tat population ( who claim to be descendants of Sassanid era Persian settlers ), however due to similar culture and religion with Turkic speaking Azerbaijanis, this population was partly assimilated.

The consensus among scholars had long been and still is that the Khazars spoke an Oghuric Turkic language similar to Chuvash, Hunnish, Turkic Avar and Volga-Bulgarian, possibly influenced by Old Turkic and Uyghur influences, as was stated by Al-Istakhri " the language of Bulgars resembles the language of Khazars ".

Not counting the caliph's new home region of Syria, nor Egypt ( including eastern Libya ; both only recently lost by Byzantium to the Sassanids ), these were Iraq and Mesopotamia ( both Arabized, around ancient Ctesiphon and modern Baghdad respectively around ancient Nineveh and modern Mosul ), Khuzestan around ancient Susa, still partly Arabic ), Armenia, Iberia ( i. e. Trans-Caucasian Georgia ), Arran-Schirwan ( east of it ) all three of the northern front, Azerbaijan ( a Turkic people ) and the ethnic heart of Iran ( Fars which is the eponymous home province, Djibal-the ancient Media -, Gilan, Tabaristan and Djurdjan ( all three on the Caspian Sea coast ), Kerman, Sistan and Khorasan ( including Herat in present Afghanistan ); under the Omayyad dynasty ( 661-750 ) the caliphate expanded further east, adding Sindh ( now southern Pakistan ), Zabulistan ( including Kabul and Ghazna, later the eponymous seat of a mighty break-away Ghaznavid dynasty ) and in Central Asia Tocharistan ( around Balkh ) and Transoxania ( Sogdia, Fergana and Mawara An-Nahr, with Samarkand ).

The close connections between the Yugrans and the Turkic Tartars are also demonstrated by the fact that even in the 1660s, the idea of restoring the Kuchum Khanate was still popular with the Khanty of Beryozovo ( Ibid ).

The Turkic peoples are a collection of ethnic groups that live in northern, eastern, central and western Asia, northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe.

to 70 million worldwide, while the second largest Turkic people are the Azerbaijanis, numbering 22 to 38 million worldwide ; most of them live in Azerbaijan and Iran.

Mughals who are part Turkic people also live in India in significant numbers.

the largest groups of Turkic people live throughout Central Asia — Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Azerbaijan, in addition to Turkey and Iran.

A small number of Turkic people also live in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania.

The Turkic speaking Yugur mainly live in the western part of the County in Mínghuā District, in the Townships of Liánhuā and Mínghǎi, and in Dàhé District, in the centre of the County.

The Karachay dialect of Karachay-Balkar language is of the Northwestern branch of Turkic languages, the Kumyk languages is also the same language, Kumyks live in northeast Dagestan.

Many historians believe that the Qutub Minar was named after the first Turkic sultan ( whose descendant-Wajid Ali Shah-repaired it ), Qutub-ud-din Aibak, but others contend that it was named in honour of Qutubuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, a saint from Transoxiana who came to live in India and was greatly venerated by Iltutmish.

Qashqai ( pronounced ; also spelled Ghashghai, Ghashghay, Gashgai, Gashgay, Kashkai, Qashqay, Qashqa ' i and Qashqai: قشقایی ) are a semi-nomadic Turkic people who mainly live in the provinces of Fars, Khuzestan and southern Isfahan, especially around the city of Shiraz in Fars.

Turkic tribes of Yaghma, Tokhsi and Chiglig live on its banks.

Turkic people in North khorasan region ( North Khorasan and Razavi Khorasan provinces ); without Turic people that live in west and south counties of khorasan region ( Nishapur County, Sabzevar County and etc )

Some scholars point to a district in Kievan Podol named after the Khazars ( called " Kozare "), which indicates to some that Turkic Khazars did live in Kiev.

The name is derived from Turan, an ancient Persian name for the land to the East of Iran where many Turkic peoples live, and Turan, the goal of an all Turks uniting state.

The Khakas, or Khakass ( Khakas: ), are a Turkic people, who live in Russia, in the republic of Khakassia in southern Siberia.

Their extinct language was of Turkic type and basically similar to the Tuvans, but they live in the Oka Region of Buryatia.

Their vision of Russia is divided into privileged ethnic Russians and " compatriots "-non-Russians who live in Russia and have their national homeland there, including indigenous populations of Russian Far East, North, Turkic, and some other minorities.

Racial restrictions were relaxed to the extent that Ukrainian Slavs, Albanians from Kosovo, Arabs, Turkic Tatars, and even Asians from Dutch East Indies ( Indonesia ) units were recruited.

With the breakup of the Empire, the dispersed Mongols quickly adopted the mostly Turkic cultures surrounding them and were assimilated, forming parts of Tatars ( not confused with a tribe in ancient Mongolia ), Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Yugurs and Moghuls ; linguistic and cultural Persianization also began to be prominent in these territories.

Taiga (; ; from Turkic or Mongolian ), also known as the boreal forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces and larches.

There are also considerable populations of Turkic people ( originating mostly from Turkey ) in Germany, United States, and Australia, largely because of migrations during the 20th century.

They were mostly marginalized and assimilated as a consequence of the late antiquity and early Middle Ages Slavic and Turkic expansion.

Tartary ( Latin: Tartaria ) or Great Tartary ( Latin: Tartaria Magna ) was a name used by Europeans from the Middle Ages until the twentieth century to designate the Great Steppe, that is the great tract of northern and central Asia stretching from the Caspian Sea and the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean inhabited mostly by Turkic, Mongol peoples and also by some Cossacks of Russian origin, citizens of the Mongol Empire who were generically referred to as " Tartars ", i. e. Tatars.

*- ic ( Hispania → Hispanic, Turk → Turkic ) derives from a Latinate suffix widely used outside ethnonyms ( e. g., chemical compounds ), which with regard to people is mostly used adjectivally ( Semite vs. Semitic, Arab / Arabian vs. Arabic ) to refer to a wider ethnic or linguistic group ( Turkic vs. Turkish, Finnic vs. Finnish ).

The Delhi Sultanate is a term used to cover five short-lived dynasties, Delhi based kingdoms or sultanates, mostly of Turkic and Pashtun ( Afghan ) origin in medieval India.

The Gagauz people are a Turkic group living mostly in southern Moldova ( Gagauzia ), southwestern Ukraine ( Budjak ), south-eastern Romania ( Dobrogea ), northeastern Bulgaria, Greece, Brazil, America and Canada.

The Karachays () are Turkic speaking people of the North Caucasus, mostly situated in the Russian Karachay – Cherkess Republic.

It is closely related to Laz, from which it has differentiated mostly in the last 500 years, after the northern ( Mingrelian ) and southern ( Laz ) communities were separated by Turkic invasions.

Consequently Jochi ’ s descendants extended their empire mostly with the help of auxiliary troops from the subjugated populations which happened to be Turkic.

His armies, mostly under Turkic generals, continued to advance through northern India, raiding as far east as Bengal.

The people of Azerbaijan have similar DNA to other Iranian peoples as well as their religion which is Shi ' a Islam, which sets them apart from other Turkic speakers ( who are mostly Sunni Muslims ).

The Bahri dynasty or Bahriyya Mamluks ( al-Mamalik al-Bahariyya المماليك البحرية ) was a Mamluk dynasty of mostly Kipchak Turkic origin that ruled Egypt from 1250 to 1382 when they were succeeded by the Burji dynasty, another group of Mamluks.

Apart from problems of lineage and inheritance, the Mongol Empire was endangered by the great cultural and ethnic divide between the Mongols themselves and their mostly Islamic Turkic subjects.

Administration of the region fell into the hands of the local tribes ( which were mostly Turkic or Turko-Mongol ) who were loosely allied with one another.

It is therefore considered to be a continuation of the Chagatai Khanate, but it is also referred to as the Moghul Khanate, since its tribal inhabitants were originally considered to be pure " Moghuls " ( i. e., Mongols ), in contrast to the mostly Turkic and Turkicised Mongols of Transoxiana.

Virtually all Pan-Iranists also include the Azeris, who although speak a Turkic language, are partly or mostly of native Iranian descent, and the overwhelming majority of whom are bi-langual in the Persian language.

The term converb was coined for Mongolian by Ramstedt ( 1903 ) and until recently was mostly used by specialists of Mongolic and Turkic languages to describe non-finite verbs that could be used either for coordination or subordination.

Dolgans (; self-designation: долган, тыа-кихи, саха ) are a Turkic people, who mostly inhabit Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia.

* 11th century Qarakhanid manuscripts, mostly written in Arabic script ( Qarakhanid Turkic ).

However, the area was only sparsely populated with Turkic nomads and consisted mostly of unpopulated steppes.

During the next three centuries, the Karluk Yabgu state occupied a key position on the choice international trade route, fighting off mostly Turkic competitors to retain their prime position.