A report by Jean Ziegler, UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, notes that " millions of farmers are losing their livelihoods in the developing countries, but small farmers in the northern countries are also suffering " and concludes that " the current inequities of the global trading system are being perpetuated rather than resolved under the WTO, given the unequal balance of power between member countries.

Chile assumed a two-year non-permanent position on the UN Security Council in January 2003 and is an active member of the UN family of agencies, serving as a member of the Commission on Human Rights and participating in UN peacekeeping activities.

Membership in International Organizations: The major organizations in which Colombia is a member include: the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean, Andean Pact, Caribbean Development Bank, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Group of 3, Group of 11, Group of 24, Group of 77, Inter-American Development Bank, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Chamber of Commerce, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Criminal Police Organization, International Development Association, International Finance Corporation, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Labour Organization, International Maritime Organization, International Maritime Satellite Organization, International Monetary Fund ( IMF ), International Olympic Committee, International Organization for Migration, International Organization for Standardization, International Telecommunication Union, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, International Trade Union Confederation, Latin American Economic System, Latin American Integration Association, Latin Union, Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of American States ( OAS ), Permanent Court of Arbitration, Rio Group, United Nations ( UN ), UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UN Industrial Development Organization, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, Universal Postal Union, World Confederation of Labour, World Federation of Trade Unions, World Health Organization, World Intellectual Property Organization, World Meteorological Organization, World Tourism Organization, and World Trade Organization.

In November 1975, Comoros became the 143d member of the UN.

As a member of CARICOM, in July 1994 Dominica strongly backed efforts by the United States to implement UN Security Council Resolution 940, designed to facilitate the departure of Haiti's de facto authorities from power.

Ecuador is a founding member of the UN and a member of many of its specialized agencies ; it is also a member of the OAS.

Ecuador has also been an elective member of the UN Security Council.

It became the 126th UN member on November 12, 1968.

Estonia is a member of UN, European Union and NATO, among others.

Ethiopia was a charter member of the United Nations and took part in UN operations in Korea in 1951 and the Congo in 1960.

* 1985: UNESCO encourages UN member states to add Esperanto to their school curricula.

Similarly, the FSM is one of only six UN members that is not a member of the Universal Postal Union.

Gabon is a member of the UN and some of its specialized and related agencies, including the World Bank ; Organization of African Unity ( OAU ); Central African Customs Union ( UDEAC / CEMAC ); EC association under Lome Convention ; Communaute Financiere Africaine ( CFA ); Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ); Non-Aligned Movement ; withdrew from the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OPEC ).

As a member of CARICOM Grenada strongly backed efforts by the United States to implement UN Security Council Resolution 940, designed to facilitate the departure of Haiti's de facto authorities from power.

* Afghanistan: UN peacekeeping mission ( UNAMA )-1 military observer

* Kosovo: UN peacekeeping mission ( UNMIK )-1 military observer

In the presence of a UN observer team, a referendum was held on August 11, 1968, and 63 % of the electorate voted in favor of the constitution, which provided for a government with a General Assembly and a Supreme Court with judges appointed by the president.

ACCT, AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS, CCC, CDB ( non-regional ), CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECA ( associate ), ECE, ECLAC, EIB, EMU, ESA, ESCAP, EU, FAO, FZ, G-5, G-7, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, International Maritime Organization, Inmarsat, InOC, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, ITUC, MINURSO, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM ( guest ), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS ( observer ), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WADB ( nonregional ), WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, Zangger Committee

It enjoys observer status at the UN where it is the recognised competent authority on hydrographic surveying and nautical charting.

Malta is member of C, CE, EBRD, ECE, EU ( member from 1 May 2004 ), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM ( observer ), ISO, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

After the War of Transnistria, Moldova had sought a peaceful resolution to the conflict in the Transnistria region by working with Romania, Ukraine, and Russia, calling for international mediation, and cooperating with the OSCE and UN fact-finding and observer missions.

The Nigeria Police Force and troops have served in places like UNIPOM ( UN India-Pakistan Observer mission ) 1965, UNIFIL in Lebanon 1978, the UN observer mission, UNIIMOG supervising the Iran-Iraq ceasefire in 1988, former Yugoslavia 1998, East Timor 1999, and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( MONUC ) 2004.

A regional peace-monitoring force and a UN observer mission monitors the government and provincial leaders who have established an interim administration and are working toward complete surrender of weapons, the election of a provincial government and an eventual referendum on independence.

Council of Europe, ECE, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM ( observer ), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, UNWTO

It participated in UN peacekeeping / observer missions in Kuwait, Angola, Namibia, Cambodia, and East Timor.

Turkmenistan is affiliated to the CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat ( nonsignatory user ), IOC, IOM ( observer ), ISO ( correspondent ), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ( observer )

Vatican City is the only sovereign state with general international recognition that is not a UN member ( the Holy See, which holds sovereignty over the state of Vatican City and maintains diplomatic relations with other states, is a UN permanent observer ).

In addition, the UN observer organizations International Committee of the Red Cross and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies have entered into " official relations " with WHO and are invited as observers.

In 1971, after holding observer status for three years, Bhutan was admitted to the UN.

SWAPO was recognized as representative of the Namibian people and gained UN observer status when the territory of South West Africa was already removed from the list of Non-Self-Governing Territories.

The UN, which is an inter-governmental organization, made it possible for certain approved specialized international non-state agencies-or non-governmental organisations-to be awarded observer status at its assemblies and some of its meetings.

To enforce the first of two truces, lasting four weeks, the UN then established an observer formation, with members drawn from Belgium, France, and the United States.

The Holy See ( the Vatican ), which has UN observer status, is the only non-UN member state with which Israel has diplomatic relations and the only non-UN member state recognised by Israel.

Despite the presence of more than 9, 000 UN forces ( UNOCI ) in Côte d ' Ivoire since 2004, ethnic conflict continues to spread into neighboring states who can no longer send their migrant workers to work in Ivorian cocoa plantations.

Same map as above, but showing sovereign states widely accepted by the UN instead of topographies

The UN established a temporary security zone consisting of a 25-kilometre demilitarized buffer zone within Eritrea, running along the length of the disputed border between the two states and patrolled by UN troops.

The preamble of the charter provides that the members " reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the equal rights of men and women " and Article 1 ( 3 ) of the United Nations charter states that one of the purposes of the UN is: " to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion ".

In November 1990, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 678, permitting member states to use all necessary means, authorizing military action against the Iraqi forces occupying Kuwait and demanded a complete withdrawal by January 15, 1991.

Article 51 of the UN Charter guarantees the right of states to defend themselves until ( and unless ) the Security Council takes measures to keep the peace.

In addition, most of the states with limited recognition ( i. e., those that are not UN members ) are not Member States of the IAEA.

Under some conventions – e. g. the European Convention on Human Rights – individuals or states are permitted, subject to certain conditions, to take individual cases to the enforcement mechanisms ; under most, however ( e. g. the UN conventions ), individual access is contingent on the acceptance of that right by the relevant state party, either by a declaration at the time of ratification or accession, or through ratification of or accession to an optional protocol to the convention.

After liberation, the UN, under Security Council Resolution 687, demarcated the Iraq-Kuwait boundary on the basis of the 1932 and the 1963 agreements between the two states.

The government also continues to improve defence arrangements with other Arab states, as well as UN Security Council members.

* 1962 – Apartheid: The United Nations General Assembly passes a resolution condemning South Africa's racist apartheid policies and calls for all UN member states to cease military and economic relations with the nation.

Since the UN does not maintain its own military, peacekeeping forces are voluntarily provided by member states of the UN.

According to the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Saudi foreign policy is focused on co-operation with the Gulf states, the unity of the Arab world, solidarity with Muslim countries, and support for the United Nations ( UN ).

* Chapter 1, Article 1, part 2 states that purpose of the UN Charter is: " To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace.

This is justified by reference to Paragraph 6 of UN Resolution 1514 ( XV ), which states that any attempt " aimed at partial or total disruption of the national unity and the territorial integrity of a country is incompatible with the purposes and principles of the Charter ".

This interpretation is rejected by many states, who argue that Paragraph 2 of UN Resolution 1514 ( XV ) states that " all peoples have the right to self-determination " and Paragraph 6 cannot be used to justify territorial claims.

The United Nations Charter states that treaties must be registered with the UN to be invoked before it or enforced in its judiciary organ, the International Court of Justice.

Member states of the UPU are the Vatican City and the 193 UN members less Andorra, Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia and Palau.

While the Secretary General of the United Nations receives instruments of ratification and accession and the UN provides support for meetings of states party to the Convention, the UN has no direct operational role in the implementation of the Convention.