Alexis Carrel was also a member of learned societies in the U. S., Spain, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Vatican City, Germany, Italy and Greece and received honorary doctorates from Queen's University of Belfast, Princeton University, California, New York, Brown University and Columbia University.

Countries that officially recognize the Armenian genocide include Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Uruguay, Vatican City and Venezuela ; additionally, some regional governments of countries recognize the Armenian genocide, such as New South Wales in Australia and Wales in the United Kingdom, also officially recognize the Armenian Genocide.

Armenia currently has diplomatic relations with 151 sovereign entities ( including the Vatican City and Order of Malta ).

These include: Albania, Afghanistan Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chad, Chile, the People's Republic of China, Côte d ' Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, DR Congo, Egypt, East Timor, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Holy See ( Vatican City ), Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Libya, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Norway, Netherlands, Nigeria, Oman, Order of Malta, Paraguay, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Uruguay, and Vietnam.

* 1962 – Representatives from the Russian Orthodox Church and Vatican City meet in Metz, France, and come to an agreement wherein the Russian church would send observers to the Second Vatican Council and in exchange, the Roman Catholic Church would refuse to condemn Communism.

Costa Rica ( Roman Catholic ), Denmark ( Evangelical Lutheran ), El Salvador ( Roman Catholic ), England ( Anglican ), Finland ( Evangelical Lutheran & Orthodox ), Georgia ( Georgian Orthodox ), Greece ( Greek Orthodox ), Iceland ( Evangelical Lutheran ), Liechtenstein ( Roman Catholic ), Malta ( Roman Catholic ), Monaco ( Roman Catholic ), and Vatican City ( Roman Catholic ).

Vatican City abolished Capital punishment in Vatican City | its capital punishment statute in 1969.

The Cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name ( once he has been ordained to the Episcopate ) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State.

Albania, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Vatican City,

* 1993 – Israel and Vatican City establish diplomatic relations.

Of Europe's approximately 50 states, Russia is by far the largest by both area and population, taking up 40 % of the continent ( although the country has territory in both Europe and Asia ), while the Vatican City is the smallest.

The non-member states are Brunei, Liechtenstein, Singapore, Vatican City and the states with limited recognition.

Fresco Sistine Chapel in the Vatican City | Vatican, Rome, Italy.

Often incorrectly referred to as " the Vatican ", the Holy See is not the same entity as the Vatican City State, which came into existence only in 1929 ; the Holy See, the episcopal see of Rome, dates back to early Christian times.

Ambassadors are officially accredited not to the Vatican City State but to " the Holy See ", and papal representatives to states and international organizations are recognized as representing the Holy See, not the Vatican City State.

The British Foreign and Commonwealth Office speaks of Vatican City as the " capital " of the Holy See, although it compares the legal personality of the Holy See to that of the Crown in Christian monarchies and declares that the Holy See and the state of Vatican City are two international identities.

The poem is known to us only through one Vatican manuscript, and long escaped the notice of historians.

Whilst members of the Independent Catholic movement take seriously the issue of valid orders, it is highly significant that the relevant Vatican Congregations tend not to respond to petitions from Independent Catholic bishops and clergy who seek to be received into communion with the Holy See, hoping to continue in some sacramental role.

< cite id = disputedinjunction > The Vatican archives contain an unsigned copy of a more strongly worded formal injunction purporting to have been served on Galileo shortly after Bellarmine's admonition, ordering him " not to hold, teach, or defend " the condemned doctrine " in any way whatever, either orally or in writing ", and threatening him with imprisonment if he refused to obey .</ cite > However, whether this injunction was ever properly served on Galileo is a subject of much scholarly disagreement.

Another example is its self-description as the " Holy, Catholic, Apostolic and Roman Church " in the 24 April 1870 Dogmatic Constitution on the Catholic Faith of the First Vatican Council.

Some countries have more particular naming for their missions and staff: a Vatican mission is headed by a nuncio ( Latin " envoy ") and consequently known as an apostolic nunciature.

There is no mention of Euclid in the earliest remaining copies of the Elements, and most of the copies say they are " from the edition of Theon " or the " lectures of Theon ", while the text considered to be primary, held by the Vatican, mentions no author.

The music itself is rather basic — church music at the time placed a large gap between written and performance practice — embellishments were largely placed in the hands of the performers ' tastes, although the Vatican score itself was altered largely by performers and visitors over the years.

The British Ambassador to the Holy See uses more precise language, saying that the Holy See " is not the same as the Vatican City State.

… ( It ) is the universal government of the Catholic Church and operates from the Vatican City State.

The Secretariat of State is the only body of the Curia that is situated within Vatican City.

Although the Holy See, as distinct from the Vatican City State, does not fulfil the long-established criteria in international law of statehood — having a permanent population, a defined territory, a stable government and the capacity to enter into relations with other states — its possession of full legal personality in international law is shown by the fact that it maintains diplomatic relations with 179 states, that it is a member-state in various intergovernmental international organizations, and that it is: " respected by the international community of sovereign States and treated as a subject of international law having the capacity to engage in diplomatic relations and to enter into binding agreements with one, several, or many states under international law that are largely geared to establish and preserving peace in the world.

The Pope, head of state of Vatican City, is chosen by previously appointed cardinals under 80 years of age from among themselves in a papal conclave.

The Second Vatican Council did not speak of any of these concrete methods … This is a different standpoint than that taken under Pius XI some thirty years which was also maintained by his successor ... we can sense here a clear development in the Church, a development, which is also going on outside the Church.

It is gained by completing jobs in the Città del Vaticano ( Vatican City ) level of the game.

Italian ( or lingua italiana ) is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia.

It is also the official language of San Marino, as well as the primary language of Vatican City.

Italian is also used in administration and official documents in Vatican City.

From the early Middle Ages until after the Second Vatican Council the sacrament was administered, within the Latin Church, only when death was approaching and, in practice, bodily recovery was not ordinarily looked for, giving rise, as mentioned above to the name " Extreme Unction " ( i. e. final anointing ).

The original acts and debates of the council, as prepared by its general secretary, Bishop Angelo Massarelli, in six large folio volumes, are deposited in the Vatican Library and remained there unpublished for more than 300 years and were brought to light, though only in part, by Augustin Theiner, priest of the oratory ( d. 1874 ), in Acta genuina sancti et oecumenici Concilii Tridentini nunc primum integre edita ( 2 vols., Leipzig, 1874 ).

The ' Select ' plays are found in many medieval manuscripts but only two manuscripts preserve the ' Alphabetical ' playsoften denoted L and P, after the Laurentian Library at Florence, and the Bibliotheca Palatina in the Vatican, where they are stored.

The only surviving complete works by Epicurus are three letters, which are to be found in book X of Diogenes Laertius ' Lives of Eminent Philosophers, and two groups of quotes: the Principal Doctrines, reported as well in Diogenes ' book X, and the Vatican Sayings, preserved in a manuscript from the Vatican Library.

The presence of Italian as the primary language in the Vatican City indicates use, not only within the Holy See, but also throughout the world where an episcopal seat is present.

Lesotho is completely surrounded by South Africa, making it one of only three countries in the world that are enclaves within another country ; the other two are San Marino and Vatican City, both located within Italy.

Apart from Vatican City, Liechtenstein is the only country in the world not to host any embassy.

* The flags of Switzerland and the Vatican City are the only national flags which are exact squares.

Insisting that all publications must be reviewed by him on a prior basis to avoid any misunderstanding, several speeches by Pius XII, who did not find sufficient time, were never published or appeared only once issued in the Vatican daily, Osservatore Romano.

He only remained eight days in Rome and then returned to Monte Cassino, though with the help of Matilda and Jordan, he took back the Vatican Hill.

The Roman Curia can be loosely compared to cabinets in governments of countries with a Western form of governance, but only the Second Section of the Secretariat of State, known also as the Section for Relations with States, the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State and the Congregation for Catholic Education, can be directly compared with specific ministries of a civil government.

The offices of the Vatican City State are not part of the Roman Curia, which is composed only of offices of the Holy See.

Bishop John Tong Hon of Hong Kong used it with regard merely to an openness to dialogue with others, saying: " We are guided by the spirit of Vatican II: only dialogue and negotiation can solve conflicts.

In July 2007, the Vatican accepted an offer that would make it the only carbon neutral state for the year, due to the donation of the Vatican Climate Forest in Hungary.

It is therefore quite distinct from the Vatican City state, which came into existence only in 1929, through the Lateran treaties between the Holy See and Italy.

The Vatican has never been involved in war in any major way and has only seen anything close to military action once when it was bombed during World War II.

Since 1970, the Pontifical Swiss Guard has been the only active military of the Vatican City.