Under the leadership of King Zwide, the Ndwandwe nation destroyed the Mthethwa under their king Dingiswayo, and the power vacuum was filled by Shaka and his then small Zulu tribe.

He was particularly drawn to Socialist writings, he studied socialist philosopher Hajime Kawakami, and at age 23 translated and published Oscar Wilde ’ s The Soul of Man Under Socialism.

Under present canon law, the pope is elected by the cardinal electors, comprising those cardinals who are under the age of 80.

Under Suleiman's patronage, the Ottoman empire entered the golden age of its cultural development.

Under the Arab Abbasid Caliphate, the eighth and ninth centuries were a golden age of learning and culture in Mawarannahr.

; 1870 – 1891: Under the Elementary Education Act 1870, basic State Education becomes free for every child under the age of 10.

Under this model, mean waiting time for a customer in the polling system is equivalent to the average age for the Web crawler .< ref name =" coffman ">

* " 40 Under 40 " award ( one of 40 top regional business leaders under 40 years of age ), Puget Sound Business Journal ( 2000 )

Under the influence of the Destouches family, at the age of twelve d ' Alembert entered the Jansenist Collège des Quatre-Nations ( the institution was also known under the name " Collège Mazarin ").

Under the terms of the Act, there may be no more than 12 Lords of Appeal in Ordinary under the age of 75 at one time.

Under canon law, Margaret was not bound by the marriage contract anyway as she was entered into the marriage before reaching the age of twelve.

Under Article 8 ( 2 )( b )( xxvi ) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court ( ICC ), adopted in July 1998 and entered into force 1 July 2002 ; " Conscripting or enlisting children under the age of fifteen years into the national armed forces or using them to participate actively in hostilities " is a war crime.

Under the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, which was adopted and signed in 2002, National armed forces can accept volunteers into their armed forces below the age of 18, but " States Parties shall take all feasible measures to ensure that members of their armed forces who have not attained the age of 18 years do not take a direct part in hostilities ".

Under the terms of Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions, children over the age of fifteen who have volunteered can be used as spotters, observers, and message-carriers ( see above International humanitarian law ).

Under the constitution, she had officially come of age and was entitled to assume the royal prerogative, if necessary.

Under the Roman empire it was quite obscured by the restored cities of Corinth and Patrae ; in Pausanias ' age ( 150 AD ) it was almost desolate.

In 2012, the university was ranked 4th in the world among universities below the age of 50 in the QS Top 50 Under 50 ranking.

Under the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 they ceased to be Lords of Appeal in Ordinary at the age of seventy, but could be permitted by ministerial discretion to hold office as late as age seventy-five.

* Claire Fisher, fictional artist in the HBO television series, Six Feet Under, dies in 2085 in Manhattan at the age of 101.

* Under age 18 below the poverty line

Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure process may be served by any U. S. citizen over the age of 18 who is not a party involved in the case.

Under the original statutes, women were forbidden from entering the college, with the exception of a laundress who was to be of ' such age, condition, and reputation as to be above suspicion.

Under the Act, if a parent of a minor ( i. e., a person under the age of 21 ) objected, they could prevent the marriage going ahead.

Under OBE, teachers can use any objective grading system they choose, including letter grades.

Books for younger readers both have historical settings: Joseph Bruchac's The Arrow Over the Door ( 1998 ) ( grades 4-6 ) is set in 1777 ; and Beth Kanell's young adult novel, The Darkness Under the Water ( 2008 ), concerns a young Abenaki-French Canadian girl during the time of the Vermont Eugenics Project, 1931-1936.

Under British Railways, there were several grades of guard, depending on whether the guard worked on freight or passenger trains and there was also a purely operational Guard grade that worked freight and passenger trains but without customer contact.

Under his tenure the city developed a street car system, sidewalks, road grades and water connections.

Under modern statutory schemes, battery is often divided into grades that determine the severity of punishment.

: Under A. N. Kolmogorov, the mathematics committee declared a reform of the curricula of grades 4-10, at the time when the school system consisted of 10 grades.

Under the former system, grades K-4th went to elementary school, grades 5th-6th went to intermediate school, 7th-8th went to middle school, and grades 9th-12th went to High School.

Under the reformed system of schooling, grades K-5 go to elementary school, 6-8 goes to middle school, and 9-12 goes to high school.

The Townsville & District Rugby League runs a nine club senior competition of three grades: A-Grade, reserve grade and colts ( under 18's ) and selects representative teams to compete in the yearly Foley Shield and Mal Meninga Cup ( Under 18's ) state league as the Townsville Stingers.

The club supports 6 senior grades, from First grade to Sixth grade, Under 18's, as well as a comprehensive junior club.

Under the influence of several younger scholars, a new approach came to predominate among British anthropologists, concerned with analyzing how societies held together in the present ( synchronic analysis, rather than diachronic or historical analysis ), and emphasizing long-term ( one to several years ) immersion fieldwork.

Under Andronikos the Byzantine Empire came closest to regaining a position of power in the Balkan Peninsula since the Fourth Crusade.

Under the management of Luigi Barbesino, the Roman club came close to their first title in 1935 – 36 ; finishing just one point behind champions Bologna.

Under the terms of the Bank of England Act 1998 ( which came into force on 1 June 1998 ), the bank's Monetary Policy Committee was given sole responsibility for setting interest rates to meet the Government's stated Retail Prices Index ( RPI ) inflation target of 2. 5 %.

Under Roman law, Roman culture under the Empire came to tolerate concubinage as long as the relationship was durable and exclusive ; for Roman jurists, concubinage was an honorable de facto situation.

Under Akhenaten's successors Egypt reverted to its traditional religion, and Akhenaten himself came to be reviled as a heretic.

Following the original roots of modern graffiti as a political force came another game title, Marc Eckō's Getting Up: Contents Under Pressure ( 2006 ), featuring a story line involving fighting against a corrupt city and its oppression of free speech, as in the Jet Set Radio series.

Under Italian command came also large areas of Greece after the successful German invasion of Greece.

Under the leadership of George Rapp, the group left Württemberg, Germany, and came to the United States in 1803.

Under the amended Mental Health Act 2007, which came into force in November 2008, to be detained under Section 3 for treatment, appropriate treatment must be available in the place of detention.

Under the current circumstances, Innocent VII could not guarantee safe passage to his rival Benedict XIII in the event he came to the council in Rome.

Under Moorcock's editorship " galactic wars went out ; drugs came in ; there were fewer encounters with aliens, more in the bedroom.

Under the section entitled " Whether the hen or the egg came first ", the discussion is introduced in such a way suggesting that the origin of the dilemma was even older:

Under the original Fugitive Slave Law of 1793, the responsibility for catching runaway slaves fell on officials of the states from which the slaves came, and the Underground Railroad thrived.

Under the two preceding kings, Amon and Manasseh, idolatry had been introduced in the most shameful forms ( especially the cult of Baal and Astarte ) into the Holy City, and with this foreign cult came a foreign culture and a great corruption of morals.

Under a different leadership, however, the Daughters of Bilitis came under attack in the early 1970s for " siding " with Mattachine groups rather than with the new separatist feminist organizations.

Under Abu Tahir Al-Jannabi they came close to capturing Baghdad in 923 and sacked Mecca in 930.

Under the rules of the Twelfth Amendment, presidential electors were required to specify in their votes their choice for president and vice-president ; previously, electors voted only for president, with the person who came in second becoming the vice-president.

Under Biorgor ( Biorgor rex Alanorum ), they infested Gallia round about, till the reign of Petronius Maximus and then they passed the Alps in winter, and came into Liguria, but were there beaten, and Biorgor slain, by Ricimer commander of the Emperor's forces ( year 464 ).

Under this guise, he led what came to be known as Pugachev's Rebellion in 1774, ultimately crushed by Catherine's forces.

Under his leadership, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal Company and came to play a central role in anti-imperialist efforts in the Arab World and Africa.

Under the Samanid dynasty ( 819 – 999 ), whose founder Saman Khuda of an Zoroastrian Sassanian Persian had converted to Islam, the city came to be known as Binkath.

Under Norman influence, Thou became parallel with Tu, but then fell into disuse as it eventually came to be seen as rude.

Under Ercole ( 1431 – 1505 ), one of the most significant patrons of the arts in late 15th and early 16th century Italy, Ferrara grew into a cultural center, renowned especially for music ; Josquin Des Prez worked for Duke Ercole, Jacob Obrecht came to Ferrara twice, and Antoine Brumel served as principal musician from 1505.