Under the white-established Jim Crow laws, passed after Democrats regained control of southern legislatures, racial segregation was imposed in public facilities and retail stores in the South, including public transportation.

Under voucher programs, private schools may be able to reject students who are expensive to educate due to special needs or students who they feel would disrupt the learning environment, and opponents of voucher programs argue that this would leave such students under a system of de facto segregation.

Under de jure segregation, the law provided entirely separate schools for black and white students, which they legally had to attend, despite in many cases actually living closer to a school designated for the other race.

Under the system of segregation used on Montgomery buses, white people who boarded the bus took seats in the front rows, filling the bus toward the back.

Under segregation, it already supported one for colored children ( a group to which it classified all non-white children, a group to which it assigned the self-identified Coharie.

Under then-controlling decisions of the United States Supreme Court ( e. g., Plessy v. Ferguson ( 1896 )), a state did not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution by requiring racial segregation so long as the separate facilities were substantially equal.

Under his leadership, the NAACP set up the Legal Defense Fund, which raised numerous legal challenges to segregation and disfranchisement, and achieved many successes.

Under segregation, black and white children could not legally attend the one-room schoolhouse on Portsmouth Island together.

Under the state's binary racial segregation laws passed at the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, they were classified as " colored " or " black ".

McGill's role in the campaign against segregation is depicted Michael Braz's opera, A Scholar Under Siege, composed for the centenary of Georgia Southern University and premiered in 2007.

Under segregation, the Haliwa-Saponi either had to send their children to schools with African-American children or not at all.

Under apartheid, the Durban university was known for the activism of its staff and students against government-imposed racial segregation.

Under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Edgar Nixon, the MIA was instrumental in guiding the Montgomery bus boycott, a successful campaign that focused national attention on racial segregation in the South and catapulted King into the national spotlight.

Under the administration of Félix Éboué, France's first black colonial governor, a military column, commanded by Colonel Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, and including two battalions of Sara troops, moved north from N ' Djamena ( then Fort Lamy ) to engage Axis forces in Libya, where, in partnership with the British Army's Long Range Desert Group, they captured Kufra.

Under Hippocrates ’ bodily humors theory, differences in human moods come as a consequence of imbalances in one of the four bodily fluids: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.

Under the charter forming the Hudson's Bay Company, the company was required to give two elk skins and two black beaver pelts to the English King, then Charles II, or his heirs, whenever the monarch visits an area that was formerly Rupert's Land.

Under the influence of American hip hop from the 1980s, both black and white British youth became listeners of hip hop.

Under the auspices of Goodman and the Fort Dix chapter of the Association of the United States Army, the statue was recast in bronze and its concrete base replaced by black granite.

Bathory's 1984 first album, Bathory, and the subsequent releases The Return ( 1985 ) and Under the Sign of the Black Mark ( 1987 ), are now regarded as major influences on the Norwegian bands which extended black metal's musical progression and popularity in the beginning of the 1990s.

Under the slogan " The Sound of Young America ", Motown's acts were enjoying widespread popularity among black and white audiences alike.

Under the selection system, black oak is unable to reproduce because of inadequate light.

In Shanghai and northern China, a " Five-Colored Flag " () ( Five Races Under One Union flag ) was used of five horizontal stripes representing the five major nationalities of China: the Han ( red ), the Manchu ( yellow ), the Mongol ( blue ), the Hui ( white ), and the Tibetan ( black ).

Under the one drop rule later adopted into law by the 1920s in most of the South, he would have been classified as legally black because of having some known African ancestry.

Under Gilman and his successors, this orphanage was later changed to serve as an orphanage and training school for black female orphans principally as domestic workers, and next as an " orthopedic convalescent " home and school for " colored crippled " children and orphans.

Under PP rules, black to move has an easy win with F9, linking to both E11 and H8.

Under conditions of lower temperature, or higher ventilation, gray or black patches of spores may form on the surface — this is not harmful, and should not affect the flavor or quality of the tempeh.

Carpathian Forest played their first concert in 1998 at the Under the black sun festival in Schönermark, Germany.

With Labour's victory, Boateng became the UK's first black government minister as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department of Health, where he was responsible for social services and mental health.

Under the sea, hydrothermal vents may form features called black smokers.

Under South Africa's policy of apartheid, land was set aside for black peoples in self-governing territories.

Under the direction and sponsorship of the Bureau, together with the American Missionary Association in many cases, from approximately 1866 until its termination in 1872, an estimated 25 institutions of higher learning for black youth were established, many of which remain in operation today ( for example, St. Augustine's College, Fisk University, Johnson C. Smith University, Clark Atlanta University, Dillard University, Shaw University, Virginia Union University, and Tougaloo College ).

Under his direction, the League significantly expanded its multifaceted campaign to crack the barriers to black employment, spurred first by the boom years of the 1920s, and then by the desperate years of the Great Depression.

Under military threat from Commodore Matthew Perry's so-called " black ships ", the treaty was signed under duress and was vehemently opposed in samurai quarters.

Under the icy influence of the Norwegians, black metal had become a nihilistic, savage world of darkness and suffering, with little space for sensuality ... Cradle pioneered a slick gothic image, emphasising the seductive aspects of the dark side ...

Under room temperature ( about 20 degrees Celsius ) the black blowfly Phormia regina can go from egg to pupa in 150 – 266 hours ( 6 to 11 days ).

His skills in acting, writing, and directing were brought to the public eye through his early works: first, he produced the black musical “ A Trip to Coontown ”, where he joined alliance with Billy Johnson, followed by the production of popular songs such as “ Under the Bamboo Tree ,” where he worked with J. Rosamond Johnson.

Under normal circumstances Casey was a little fussy when people told him what to do with pictures he had taken.

Under the influence of his mother, he did much to improve the morals and condition of the people, and to enhance the dignity of the state.

Under this approach, anti-Judaism is not regarded as antisemitism as it only rejects the religious ideas of Judaism and does not involve actual hostility to the Jewish people.

Under such a system, most people would be able to earn a living without having to rely on the use of the property of others to do so.

Under normal circumstances, people entering into such transactions are risk-averse, that is to say that they are prepared to accept a lower expected return for the sake of avoiding risk.

Under non-voucher education systems, people who currently pay for private schooling are still taxed for public schools ; therefore, they fund both public and private schools simultaneously.

Under its terms the Emperor of Japan is " the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people " and exercises a purely ceremonial role without the possession of sovereignty.

Under the Oslo Accords the Philadelphi Route was to remain under Israeli control to prevent the smuggling of weapons and people across the border with Egypt.

Under the special agreement, also known as the compromise that was signed in December 2008 by Belize and Guatemala it was agreed that if the people of both nations approved, by way of a simultaneous referendum on the same day, that the dispute would proceed to the ICJ.

Under his direction, the theater produced plays about a class of people who were not considered appropriate subjects in other venues: prostitutes, criminals, street urchins, and others at the lower end of Paris's social echelon.

Under pressure of the Huns, the chieftain Fritigern approached the Eastern Roman Emperor Valens in 376 with a portion of the Thervingi and asked to be allowed to settle with his people on the south bank of the Danube.

Under Robespierre the committee initiated the Reign of Terror, during which up to 40, 000 people were executed in Paris, mainly nobles, and those convicted by the Revolutionary Tribunal, often on the flimsiest of evidence.

Under Nikolai Yezhov, the NKVD carried out the Great Purge: the imprisonment or execution of millions of people throughout the Soviet Union as alleged " enemies of the people ".

Under Prince Louis ' secret orders, the Monaco police, often at great risk to themselves, warned in advance those people whom the Gestapo planned to arrest.

Under a broader definition ( including people that have given up searching for employment ) unemployment rose from 36. 7 % in 2004 to 51. 2 % in 2008.

Under the Japanese government, heads of the Palauan traditional government were replaced by more " Japanese " natives, as a way of securing the obedience of the Palauan people.

Under the rule of this prelate, the townspeople rebelled, headed by the local council, beginning a secular tradition of confrontation of the people of the city — who fought for self-government — with the local bishop, the secular and jurisdictional lord of the city and of its fief, the semi-independent Terra de Santiago (' Land of Saint James ').

Under the rubric Profiles, it publishes articles about notable people such as Ernest Hemingway, Henry R. Luce and Marlon Brando, Hollywood restaurateur Michael Romanoff, magician Ricky Jay and mathematicians David and Gregory Chudnovsky.

Under Elijah's influence, David develops his security guard hunches into extra-sensory perception, with which he can glimpse immoral acts committed by people he touches.

Under Romulus and Numa, the people were said to have been divided into 30 curiae and 3 tribes.

Under the agreement, structures were created reflecting the Irish and British identities of the people of Ireland, with a British-Irish Council and a Northern Ireland Legislative Assembly created.

Under the direction of Sankara, the country changed its name on August 4, 1984 from the Upper Volta to Burkina Faso, which means " the country of honorable people ".

Under the provisions of OPCAT that entered into force on 22 June 2006 independent international and national bodies regularly visit places where people are deprived of their liberty, to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Under this scenario, the political leadership would improve and persist ; corruption and demagoguery would subside ; and the interests of the people would be honored.