Under the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy they have been placed in the infraorder Passerida.

Under phylogenetic taxonomy, amphibians is not monophyletic, in that the amniotes ( reptiles, birds and mammals ) have evolved from an amphibian ancestor and yet are not considered amphibians.

Under the SMASS classification taxonomy, Polana is listed as a B-type asteroid ; a group that combines both the Tholen B and F types.

Under modern classification, the tarsiers and simians are grouped under the suborder Haplorhini while the strepsirrhines are placed in suborder Strepsirrhini.

Under this kind of pressure, it is not surprising that Wright would make sweeping statements to the newspapers.

Under modern conditions, this is especially true of the ready reserve.

Under the auspices of the Women's Recreation Association, interclass competition is organized in badminton, basketball, field hockey, golf, tennis, and swimming.

Under the new rules, testimony is taken orally in open court in all cases except those of an extraordinary character.

Under the circumstances, the only protection for the relatively small manufacturers is to engage in exactly the kind of conspiracy with the giants for which the latter were convicted.

Under the surface of the wide range of folk movements is apparent a sound technical ballet training, and an equally professional sense of performing.

Under Parthian and Sassanian Iranian empires, scholars concentrated on exchanging knowledge and inventions by the countries around them – India, China, and the Roman Empire, when it is thought to be expanded over the other countries.

Under this definition, Anatolia is bounded to the East by the Armenian Highland, and the Euphrates before that river bends to the southeast to enter Mesopotamia.

Under the strictest definition, an argot is a proper language, with its own grammar and style.

Under certain conditions, it may result in preferential growth of resistant bacteria, while growth of susceptible bacteria is inhibited by the drug.

Under unfavourable conditions, the organism will form a cyst, which is multi-walled and covered in spikes.

Under the Act of Settlement, male-preference primogeniture succession of an Anglican legitimate descendant of the Electress Sophia is automatic and immediate, neither depending on, nor waiting for, any proclamation.

Under the null hypothesis of no autocorrelation, this statistic is

Under this formalism, angular momentum is the 2-form Noether charge associated with rotational invariance ( As a result, angular momentum is not conserved for general curved spacetimes, unless it happens to be asymptotically rotationally invariant ).

Under 28 USC 3, when the Chief Justice is unable to discharge his functions, or that office is vacant, his duties are carried out by the most senior Associate Justice until the disability or the vacancy ends.

Under Adoptionism Jesus is currently divine and has been since his adoption, although he is not equal to the Father, per " my Father is greater than I " ().

Under the new rule, when any runner is thrown out, and the other ( s ) are successful, the successful runners will not be credited with a stolen base.

Under modern canon law, a man who is appointed a cardinal must accept ordination as a bishop, unless he already is one, or seek special permission from the pope to decline such ordination.

Under the action of gravity, a particle acquires a downward speed of, where is the mass of the particle, is the acceleration due to gravity, and is the particle's mobility in the fluid.

Under Pike's administration the Advocate promoted the viewpoint of the Whig party in a politically volatile and divided Arkansas.

Under American jurisprudence, acts of contempt are divided into two types.

Under the Ancien Régime, French society was divided into three estates (" États " in French ).

Under the Ottomans, the Maghreb was divided into three provinces, Algiers, Tripoli and Tunis.

Under Suber's initial ruleset, rules are divided into two types: mutable and immutable.

Under the General Government of occupied Poland in 1940, the Nazis divided the population into different groups, each with different rights, food rations, allowed housing strips in the cities, public transportation, etc.

Under this model, the state is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that no branch has more power than the other branches.

Under the terms of the Act, Ireland was divided into two territories, Southern Ireland and Northern Ireland with the border passing through the province.

Under Romulus and Numa, the people were said to have been divided into 30 curiae and 3 tribes.

Under three-field rotation, the land was divided into three parts.

Under the reorganization of the empire by Diocletian, Rouen became the chief city of the divided province of Gallia Lugdunensis II and reached the apogee of its Roman development, with an amphitheatre and thermae of which the foundations remain.

Under the Convention, chemicals that are toxic enough to be used as chemical weapons, or that may be used to manufacture such chemicals, are divided into three groups according to their purpose and treatment:

Under the ACO rules, Grand Touring cars are divided into two categories, Grand Touring 1 ( GT1, formerly GTS ) and Grand Touring 2 ( GT2, formerly GT ).

Under this system countries would be divided into categories based on their abilities to feed themselves going forward.

* Under the Romans, land surveyors were established as a profession, and they established the basic measurements under which the Roman Empire was divided, such as a tax register of conquered lands ( 300 AD ).

Under Diocletian ( 245 – 313 ), Noricum was divided into Noricum ripense (" Noricum along the river ", the northern part southward from the Danube ), and Noricum mediterraneum (" landlocked Noricum ", the southern, more mountainous district ).

Under the area defense strategy, which had determined the army's organizational structure until 1993, the army was divided into three principal elements: the standing alert force ( Bereitschaftstruppe ) of active units, including the air division ; the mobile militia ( Mobile Landwehr ), organized as eight mechanized reserve brigades to be deployed to key danger spots in the event of mobilization ; and the stationary militia ( Raumgebundene Landwehr ) of twenty-six reserve infantry regiments organized for territorial defense.

Under the new organization of the empire by Diocletian, Numidia was divided in two provinces: the north became Numidia Cirtensis, with capital at Cirta, while the south, which included the Aurès Mountains and was threatened by raids, became Numidia Militiana, " Military Numidia ", with capital at the legionary base of Lambaesis.

Under the Byzantine Empire Bithynia was again divided into two provinces, separated by the Sangarius, to the west of which the name of Bithynia was restricted.

Under the palace was the Great House, a area stone house divided into 5 rooms with meter-thick walls suggesting a second story was present.

Under Umar, Egypt was divided into two provinces, Upper and Lower Egypt.

Under Umar, Syria was divided into two provinces but Uthman made it one province.

Under the latest revision of Pakistan's administrative structure, promulgated in 2001, Quetta was restructured as a City District, and divided into two towns Each town in turn consists of a group of union councils ( U. C .' s ).

Under the Engishiki classification system, Owari was divided into eight counties, which persisted as administrative units into the Edo period.