Modern customs and institutions offer few useful parallels to the legal and social context which defined the gladiatoria munera Under law, anyone condemned to the arena or the gladiator schools ( ad ludum ) was a servus poenae under sentence of death unless manumitted.

Under the leadership of the Duguwa dynasty, the Zaghawa would eventually dominate the Sao, but not before adopting many of their customs.

Under a series of treaties concluded after World War I, Switzerland assumed responsibility for the diplomatic and consular representation of Liechtenstein, the protection of its borders, and the regulation of its customs.

Under Article 34, they are exempt from most taxes, and under Article 36 they are exempt from most customs duties.

Under Yaroslav the codification of legal customs and princely enactments was begun, and this work served as the basis for a law code called the Russkaya Pravda (" Rus Truth ").

Under this policy, the Africans in Côte d ' Ivoire were allowed to preserve their own customs insofar as they were compatible with French interests.

Under the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, ethnic Russians were sent to colonize captured territory such as Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, while local languages, religions and customs were banned or suppressed.

" Under this decision, the King agreed to retain many of the divisionary customs which had been the norm in 1614, but which were intolerable to a Third Estate buoyed by the recent proclamations of equality.

Under the guidance of Finance minister and current party leader Benjamin Netanyahu, Likud pushed through legislation reducing value added tax ( VAT ), income and corporate taxes significantly, as well as customs duty.

Under Eric XIV the Reformation in Sweden proceeded on the same lines as during the reign of his father, retaining all the old Catholic customs not considered contrary to Scripture.

Under this name she is the mythical source of various Roman wedding customs.

Under the Australian Constitution, the Federal Parliament has the power to make laws relating to communications and customs.

Under the communications power the federal government can regulate the broadcast media ( television and radio ), online services ( the internet ), and under the customs power, the import / export of printed matter, audiovisual recordings and computer games.

Under its constitution, Republika Srpska has a president, parliament ( the 83-member National Assembly of Republika Srpska ), executive ( with a prime minister and several ministries ), its own police, supreme court and lower courts, customs service ( under the state-level customs service ), and postal service.

Under the nova custuma in 1275, Collectors of Customs were appointed by Royal patent and, in 1298, custodes custumae were appointed in certain ports to collect customs for the Crown.

Under the English the fort wall was dismantled and stones carried to build the Kalyan and Thane piers and a dwelling for the customs inspector in the west of the Kalyan fort.

Under second category follow methods that are not directly aimed at restricting foreign trade and more related to the administrative bureaucracy, whose actions, however, restrict trade, for example: customs procedures, technical standards and norms, sanitary and veterinary standards, requirements for labeling and packaging, bottling, etc.

Under the ICTY indictment, Šešelj has been charged with 15 counts of crimes against humanity and violations of the laws or customs or war.

Under Ivanov's supervision, they introduced a new Customs Charter in 1653, which unified customs duties.

Under the impetus of Zhao Tuo's leadership, Chinese immigrants were encouraged to adopt the customs of the Yue.

Under the pretext that they supported Santa Anna, a small group of Texians armed themselves and overthrew the commander of the garrison that was enforcing the new customs duties.

Under the former Mahathir administration, the Malaysian government scheduled to build a new customs, immigration and quarantine complex on a hilltop near the Johor Bahru railway station.

Under Augustus the office lost much of its importance, its judicial functions and the care of the games being transferred to the praetor, while its city responsibilities were limited by the appointment of a praefectus urbi.

Under the command of General Georgi Vazov the Bulgarians, reinforced with two Serb divisions, conquered the " untakable " city.

Under the 1989 agreement between the BPCA and the City of New York, $ 600 million was transferred by the BPCA to the city.

Under British indirect rule, separate European ( e. g. Oyster Bay ) and African ( e. g. Kariakoo and Ilala ) areas developed at a distance from the city centre.

Under his rule ( which was moderate and skillful ), Sforza modernised the city and duchy.

Following the original roots of modern graffiti as a political force came another game title, Marc Eckō's Getting Up: Contents Under Pressure ( 2006 ), featuring a story line involving fighting against a corrupt city and its oppression of free speech, as in the Jet Set Radio series.

Under his command, they besieged Cologne and, after some weeks, the defenders of the city opened the gates and handed Saloninus and Silvanus to Postumus who had them killed.

Under these circumstances, during much of the Siege of Leningrad ( 1941 – 1944 ), Lake Ladoga provided the only access to the besieged city because a section of the eastern shore remained in Soviet hands.

Under Ottoman rule, the city was known as Yeni-şehir i-Fenari, " new citadel ".

Under Saudi rule, much of the historic city has been demolished as a result of construction programs-see below.

Under Farrakhan's leadership, the Nation of Islam established a clinic for AIDS patients in Washington, D. C., and helped to force drug dealers out of public housing projects and private apartment buildings in the city.

Under the pretext of pursuing fugitive Polish revolutionaries, Russian troops entered Balta an Ottoman-controlled city on the border of Bessarabia and massacred its citizens and burned the town to the ground.

Under his guidance, Paris became the first city of teachers the medieval world had known.

Under the rule of this prelate, the townspeople rebelled, headed by the local council, beginning a secular tradition of confrontation of the people of the city — who fought for self-government — with the local bishop, the secular and jurisdictional lord of the city and of its fief, the semi-independent Terra de Santiago (' Land of Saint James ').

Under any circumstance, during the end of the 13th century, Stockholm quickly grew to become not only the largest city in Sweden, but also the de facto Swedish political centre and royal residence.

Under the terms of surrender, the occupants of the city would be forced into slavery, and have their right eyes removed as a sign of this.

Under the Kingdom of Bulgaria ( 1941 – 1944 ), the city was called Skopie ( Скопие ).

Under Mayor Heinrich Stroband ( 1586 – 1609 ), the city became centralized.

Under this plan, a small, elected council makes the city ordinances and sets policy, but hires a paid administrator, also called a city manager, to carry out its decisions.

Under Stalin, the city became a center of heavy industry and transshipment by rail and river, and as a result was attacked by Axis forces during World War II.

Under Polish rule, the city saw a period of fast development.

Under President Levin, Yale has financially supported many of New Haven's efforts to reinvigorate the city.

** Under the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801, Washington, D. C., a new planned city and capital of the United States, was placed under the jurisdiction of the U. S. Congress.