Under comprehensive economic reforms initiated in 1991, Egypt has relaxed many price controls, reduced subsidies, reduced inflation, cut taxes, and partially liberalized trade and investment.

Under the reforms that instituted the Julian calendar, Intercalaris was abolished, leap years occurred regularly every fourth year, and in leap years February gained a 29th day.

Under President Shevardnadze's leadership, the government had nonetheless made some progress on basic market reforms: all prices and most trade have been liberalized, a stable national currency ( the lari ) was introduced, and massive government downsizing took place.

Under a one-year standby agreement with the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) in January 1979, the government promised to undertake economic reforms, including a reduction of the budget deficit, in return for a $ 68 million IMF support program and $ 27 million in IMF Trust Fund loans.

Under the reforms introduced by Secretary of State for War Hugh Childers in 1881, the remaining militia infantry regiments were redesignated as numbered battalions of regiments of the line, ranking after the two regular battalions.

Under the First Empire and its wide-ranging educational reforms, imposed on or imitated across the Continent, rhetoric regained little ground.

Under its new Sassanid rulers, Persia had grown into a rival superpower, and the Romans would have to make drastic reforms in order to better prepare their state for a confrontation.

Under Lukashenko, economic reforms were slowed.

Under the recent constitutional reforms, the Lord Advocate has become an officer of the Scottish Government, while the United Kingdom Government is advised on Scots law by the Advocate General for Scotland.

Under Aristide's leadership, his party implemented many major reforms.

Under Madero, some new land reforms were carried out and elections were to be ensured.

Under his leadership, China experienced substantial developmental growth with reforms, saw the peaceful return of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom and Macau from Portugal, and improved its relations with the outside world while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the government.

Under his regime as head of the prison system, he initiated many reforms, among which was the establishment of the Boys Industrial School.

Under this premise, Zhao believed that China needed to experiment with a variety of economic reforms in order to stimulate production.

Under pressure from a group of Quakers, these reforms were revived in Pennsylvania toward the end of the 18th century, and led to a marked drop in Pennsylvania's crime rate.

Under Gair ’ s premiership, reforms were carried out in worker ’ s compensation, sick leave, and annual leave.

Under Solon's reforms, all debts were abolished and all debt-slaves were freed.

Under the reforms announced in 2004, the Coldstream Guards will be given this as a fixed role, alternating the public duties task with the Irish Guards.

Under the administration of the Danish prime minister Count Bernstorff, himself from Schleswig, many reforms were carried out in the duchies, for example, abolition of torture and of serfdom ; at the same time Danish laws and coinage were introduced, and Danish was made the official language for communication with Copenhagen.

Under the reforms, the postal service became a government monopoly, but it also became more accessible to the British population at large through setting a charge of one penny for carriage and delivery between any two places in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland irrespective of distance.

Under Blair's administration, such reforms and improvements as the establishment of free city delivery, the adoption of a money order system, and the use of railway mail cars were instituted — the last having been suggested by George B. Armstrong ( d. 1871 ), of Chicago, who from 1869 until his death was general superintendent of the United States railway mail service.

Under the nominally centre-left Australian Labor Party from 1983 to 1996, the Bob Hawke and Paul Keating governments pursued many economic policies associated with economic rationalism, such as floating the Australian Dollar in 1983, reductions in trade tariffs, taxation reforms, changing from centralised wage-fixing to enterprise bargaining, heavy restrictions on union activities including on strike action and pattern bargaining, the privatisation of government run services and enterprises such as Qantas and the Commonwealth Bank, and wholesale deregulation of the banking system.

Under internal and external pressure, the Qing court began to adopt some of the reforms.

Under an unsuccessful model sharing arrangement as part of the Hawke Labor government reforms in 1989, Toyota began badge engineering versions of the VN Commodore.

Under the reforms of Cleisthenes enacted in 508 / 7 BC, the boule was expanded to 500 men, 50 men from each of the ten new tribes, also created by Cleisthenes.

While Bannister was well known in the artistic community of his adopted home of Providence, Rhode Island and admired within the wider East Coast art world ( he won a bronze medal for his large oil " Under the Oaks " at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial ), he was largely forgotten for almost a century for a complexity of reasons, principally connected with racial prejudice.

Under the Constitution of 1791, the solution of a constitutional monarchy was adopted, and the king supported a war against Austria in order to increase his popularity, starting the long French Revolutionary Wars.

Under its founder and spiritual leader, Johann Georg Rapp ( 1757 – 1847 ); Frederick ( Reichert ) Rapp ( 1775 – 1834 ), his adopted son who managed its business affairs ; and their associates, the Society existed for one hundred years ; roughly from 1805 until 1905.

Another of Remey's followers, Leland Jensen ( d. 1996 ), who made a several religious claims of his own, formed a sect known as the Bahá ' ís Under the Provisions of the Covenant following Remey's death ; he believed that Remey was the adopted son of Abdu ' l-Baha, and that Remey's adopted son Joseph Pepe was the third Guardian.

Under new ownership, the current name was adopted in 1963 and the franchise was relocated to Shea Stadium in 1964 and then to the Meadowlands Sports Complex in 1984.

Under the constitution adopted in 1936 and modified along the way until October 1977, the political foundation of the Soviet Union was formed by the Soviets ( Councils ) of People's Deputies.

Under Bullard, the journal adopted a literary orientation and accepted patent medicine ads, but it folded in February 1872.

Its Ministerial Declaration was noted ( but not adopted ) July 18, 1996, and reflected a U. S. position statement presented by Timothy Wirth, former Under Secretary for Global Affairs for the U. S. State Department at that meeting, which:

Under Honecker's leadership, the GDR adopted a programme of " consumer socialism ", which resulted in a marked improvement in living standards already the highest among the Eastern bloc countries.

Under the 1966 Social Security Act, newly unemployed individuals were no longer denied assistance during their first month of unemployment, while men who had had their unemployment benefit disallowed for six weeks ( on the grounds that they had been at fault for losing their job ) were no longer subjected to a harsh rule applied by the National Assistance confining their payments to below “ benefit rate .” Instead, a policy was adopted of paying these individuals their full entitlement less 15 shillings. T he Act also introduced a long term addition of 9 shillings for all pensioners receiving supplementary benefit and for others ( with the exception of those required register for employment ) receiving supplementary benefits for two years.

Under Iwan's presidency the party formally adopted a policy of independence for Wales in Europe.

Under Article 8 ( 2 )( b )( xxvi ) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court ( ICC ), adopted in July 1998 and entered into force 1 July 2002 ; " Conscripting or enlisting children under the age of fifteen years into the national armed forces or using them to participate actively in hostilities " is a war crime.

Under the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, which was adopted and signed in 2002, National armed forces can accept volunteers into their armed forces below the age of 18, but " States Parties shall take all feasible measures to ensure that members of their armed forces who have not attained the age of 18 years do not take a direct part in hostilities ".

Under his leadership, the PIP adopted a democratic socialist program.

Under Eliot's leadership, Harvard adopted an " elective system " which vastly expanded the range of courses offered and permitted undergraduates unrestricted choice in selecting their courses of study-with a view to enabling them to discover their " natural bents " and pursue them into specialized studies.

Under his leadership the country switched to driving on the left, decided to shift westwards across the international date line and adopted daylight saving time, and proposed the introduction of a common pacific currency.

Under his presidency, Senegal adopted a multi-party system ( limited to three: socialist, communist and liberal ).

Under the policy of indirect rule, a system of elected alcaldes ( mayors ), adopted from Spanish local government, linked these Maya to the colonial administration.

Under the 2008 Democratic Party selection rules, adopted in 2006, delegates are selected under proportional representation, which requires a candidate have a minimum of 15 % of a state's popular vote to receive delegates.

Under the pressure of the events that led to the Mineriads, his political stance has veered with time: from a proponent of the Perestroika, Iliescu adopted a social democratic position, aligning himself with the Western European political spectrum.

Under Snowe, the paper adopted a more liberal political stance, supporting the North during the American Civil War and endorsing universal manhood suffrage in 1866.

Under the one drop rule later adopted into law by the 1920s in most of the South, he would have been classified as legally black because of having some known African ancestry.

Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority.

Under the influence of these Jewish communities, Bulan, the Khagan Bek of the Khazars, and the ruling classes of Khazaria ( located in what is now Ukraine, Southern Russia and Kazakhstan ), adopted Judaism at some point in the mid-to-late 8th or early 9th centuries.