Under typical conditions found in stellar plasmas, catalytic hydrogen burning by the CNO cycles is limited by proton captures.

Under typical circumstances ion ranges will be between 10 nanometers and 1 micrometer.

Under a typical end-user license agreement, the user may install the software on a limited number of computers.

Under typical conditions, disulfide reshuffling is much faster than the formation of new disulfide bonds or their reduction ; hence, the disulfide species within an ensemble equilibrate more quickly than between ensembles.

Under magnification, a section through a typical foliose lichen thallus reveals four layers of interlaced fungal filaments.

Under typical definitions, symptoms must be present at some point during the ten days immediately before the onset of menses, and must not be present for at least one week between the onset of menses and ovulation.

Under the typical system, the candidate that gains the highest vote total wins all of the state's available electors.

Under the molecular orbital formalism, a typical ground-state molecule has electrons in the lowest possible energy levels.

Under Ottoman rule Kosovska Mitrovica was a typical small Oriental city.

Under the reign of Wenceslas I of Bohemia, the royal court came to cultivate lifestyles typical of contemporary Western Europe, including the culture of jousting and tournaments and the enjoyment of courtly poetry and songs.

Under such " typical " dark sky conditions, the naked eye can see stars with an apparent magnitude up to + 6 < sup > m </ sup >.

Under typical dark conditions only a few such objects are visible.

Under typical dark sky conditions Uranus ( magnitude + 5. 8 ) can be seen as well with averted vision.

Under regular phonetical changes that are typical to the Romanian languages, the name romanus over the centuries transformed into " rumân ".

Under the typical “ death spiral ” scenario the holder of the convertible debt initially shorts the issuer ’ s common stock which often causes the stock price to decline at which time the debt holder converts some of the convertible debt to common shares with which he then covers his short position.

Under his Governorship, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand established a new model of the relationship between government and central bank – not totally independent, like the Bundesbank in Germany, and not dominated by government, as was typical of most central banks at the time, but one where government and central bank agreed in public about the inflation rate to be delivered by the central bank, where the central bank had full independence to run monetary policy to deliver that, and where the central bank's Governor was held accountable for the inflation outcome.

Under the microscope, the mold phase will look like a typical Penicillium, with hyaline, septate and branched hyphae ; the conidiophores are located both laterally and terminally.

Under typical physiological conditions, this results in an efflux of K < sup >+</ sup > from the cell, which leads to cell membrane hyperpolarization ( a decrease in the electrical potential across the cell membrane ) and a decrease in cell excitability ( a decrease in the probability that the cell will transmit an action potential ).

Under conditions typical for plasma modification purposes, the ion energy in electrodeless HF discharges is about an order of magnitude lower than in RF discharges.

Under the current standard, a typical 75 gallon gas storage water heater can have an energy factor as low as 53 %, while under the 2015 standard, the minimum energy factor for a 75 gallon gas storage tank water heater will be 74 %, which can only be achieved by using condensing technology.

Under typical conditions it becomes a less compelling basis for inferring strength.

Under Gallienus the senatorial aristocracy ceased to provide the senior military commanders, its typical members being neither interested in military service nor good at command.

Under the new system, the USGS ranks the level of activity at a U. S. volcano using the terms " Normal ", for typical volcanic activity in a non-eruptive phase ; " Advisory ", for elevated unrest ; " Watch ", for escalating unrest or a minor eruption underway that poses limited hazards ; and, " Warning ", if a highly hazardous eruption is underway or imminent ( Table 1 ).

Under the typical terms, the tenant / buyer chooses the home and seeks a landlord / seller to serve as an investor.

Under certain conditions therefore, equivalence classes of statistical ensembles have the structure of a convex set.

Under certain conditions, one or more CBSAs may be grouped together to form a larger statistical entity known as a combined statistical area ( CSA ).

Under many-body theory, the term is also used in physics, specifically in quantum field theory, aerodynamics, aeroacoustics, electrodynamics and statistical field theory, to refer to various types of correlation functions, even those that do not fit the mathematical definition.

Under " Administrative Research ," as he called his framework, a large, expert staff worked at a research center, deploying a battery of social-scientific investigative methods — mass market surveys, statistical analysis of data, focus group work, etc .-- to solve specific problems for specific clients.

Traditionally, statistical methods have relied on mean-unbiased estimators of treatment effects: Under the conditions of the Gauss-Markov theorem, least squares estimators have minimum variance among all mean-unbiased estimators.

Under the win shares statistical rating system created by baseball historian and analyst Bill James, Collins was the greatest second baseman of all time.

# Under certain statistical assumptions, the regression analysis uses the surplus of information to provide statistical information about the unknown parameters β and predicted values of the dependent variable Y.

Under the Wald statistical test, the maximum likelihood estimate of the parameter ( s ) of interest is compared with the proposed value, with the assumption that the difference between the two will be approximately normally distributed.

Under Galton and his successor Karl Pearson, the biometrical school attempted to build statistical models for heredity and evolution, with some limited but real success, though the exact methods of heredity were unknown and largely unquestioned.

Under the most favorable assumptions for increase, the Bureau of the Census projects that the annual rate of household formations will rise from about 883,000 in the last two years of the Fifties to an annual rate of about 1,018,000 in the first five years of the Sixties, and to a slightly higher annual rate of 1,083,000 in the second half of the decade.

Under the same constant gravity assumptions, the potential energy, E < sub > p </ sub >, of a body at height h is given by E < sub > p </ sub >

Under standard assumptions the orbital period () of a body traveling along an elliptic orbit can be computed as:

Under standard assumptions the orbital speed () of a body traveling along elliptic orbit can be computed from the Vis-viva equation as:

Under standard assumptions, specific orbital energy () of elliptic orbit is negative and the orbital energy conservation equation ( the Vis-viva equation ) for this orbit can take the form:

Under these assumptions, the long run price of a commodity is equal to the sum of the cost of the inputs into that commodity, including interest charges.

Under certain assumptions – such as the enzyme concentration being much less than the substrate concentration – the rate of product formation is given by

Under broad assumptions, government decisions about the efficient scope and level of activities can be efficiently separated from decisions about the design of taxation systems ( Diamond-Mirlees separation ).

Under certain technical assumptions, it has been shown that a Euclidean QFT can be Wick-rotated into a Wightman QFT.

Under the assumptions of the preceding section,

Under the assumptions of the preceding section, we have

Under the assumptions of the preceding section, let P denote the r < sup > th </ sup > derivative of P < sub > n </ sub >.

Under these assumptions, Say's law implies that there cannot be a general glut, so that a persistent state in which demand is generally less than productive capacity and high unemployment results, cannot exist.

Under these assumptions, it follows that the correlation between parallel test scores is equal to reliability ( see Lord & Novick, 1968, Ch.

Under certain assumptions, the production function can be used to derive a marginal product for each factor, which implies an ideal division of the income generated from output into an income due to each input factor of production.

Under more strict assumptions than those above, e. g., if the responses are assumed to be continuous and the alternative is restricted to a shift in location ( i. e. F < sub > 1 </ sub >( x ) = F < sub > 2 </ sub >( x + δ )), we can interpret a significant MWW test as showing a difference in medians.

Under mild assumptions, the Herdan-Heaps law is asymptotically equivalent to Zipf's law ( Kornai 1999, Baeaza-Yates and Navarro 2000, van Leijenhorst and van der Weide 2003 ).

Under certain assumptions ( uniform material, uniform magnetic field, no skin effect, etc.

Under normal assumptions on the coefficient functions p ( x ), q ( x ), and w ( x ) above, they induce a Hermitian differential operator in some function space defined by boundary conditions.

Under normality assumptions about error distributions, the counterpart of the sum of squares due to error has a Wishart distribution.

Under certain assumptions and for specific quantitative definitions of risk and return, MPT explains how to find the best possible diversification strategy.

Under these assumptions the Tikhonov-regularized solution is the most probable solution given the data and the a priori distribution of, according to Bayes ' theorem.

Under standard assumptions a body traveling along an escape orbit will coast along a parabolic shaped trajectory to infinity, with velocity relative to the central body tending to zero, and therefore will never return.