Unicellular eukaryotes are those eukaryotic organisms that consist of a single cell throughout their life cycle.

Unicellular flagellate algae contain channelrhodopsins that act as light-gated cation channels when expressed in heterologous systems.

Of course, heat generated by living organisms may also be measured by direct calorimetry, in which the entire organism is placed inside the calorimeter for the measurement.

This strategy is made possible by the common descent of all living organisms, and the conservation of metabolic and developmental pathways and genetic material over the course of evolution.

Freerunning organisms that normally have one or two consolidated sleep episodes will still have them when in an environment shielded from external cues, but the rhythm is, of course, not entrained to the 24-hour light – dark cycle in nature.

Not all such organisms regularly behave quite so parasitoidally of course ; for example some bacteriophages establish complex life cycles in which phage particles do get released catastrophically, but only at intervals of many generations of the host, whereas other bacterial viruses emerge intermittently but fairly harmlessly in small numbers at a time.

Although this is instantaneous toward plant life, more complicated organisms such as animals take over the course of hours to drain entirely.

Prof. Alexander scientific pursuits integrate the fields of systematics, ecology, evolution, natural history and behaviour ; the salient organisms in his research are equally wide-ranging, from the orthopterans ( grasshoppers, katydids and crickets ) and cicadidae ( cicadas ) to vertebrates: dogs, horses, primates, and, of course, humans.

Biosynthesis ( also called biogenesis ) is an enzyme-catalyzed process in cells of living organisms by which substrates are converted to more complex products ( also simply known as protein translation ).

In most organisms, this heat is simply lost to the environment.

A strength of Linnaean taxonomy is that it can be used to organize the different kinds of living organisms, simply and practically.

In keeping with the thesis that in evolution one can regard organisms simply as suitable " hosts " for reproducing genes, Dawkins argues that one can view people as " hosts " for replicating memes.

Life may also be said to be simply the characteristic state of organisms.

Systematic biology ( hereafter called simply systematics ) is the field that ( a ) provides scientific names for organisms, ( b ) describes them, ( c ) preserves collections of them, ( d ) provides classifications for the organisms, keys for their identification, and data on their distributions, ( e ) investigates their evolutionary histories, and ( f ) considers their environmental adaptations.

They also argue that the development of these organisms will simply shift the consumption of petroleum to the utilization of biomass in order to create energy.

However early observers simply recorded the fact without investigating the relationships between the two organisms.

Also known as knockout organisms or simply knockouts, they are used in learning about a gene that has been sequenced, but which has an unknown or incompletely known function.

The terms aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation do not refer to primary nutritional groups, but simply reflect the different use of possible electron acceptors in particular organisms, such as O < sub > 2 </ sub > in aerobic respiration, or NO < sub > 3 </ sub >< sup >-</ sup >, SO < sub > 4 </ sub >< sup > 2 -</ sup > or fumarate in anaerobic respiration, or various metabolic intermediates in fermentation.

Some organisms, including nearly all spiders, simply secrete biotoxins and digestive chemicals ( e. g., enzymes ) into the extracellular environment prior to ingestion of the consequent " soup ".

The absence of spines could simply mean that the fossils represent young organisms — or that later chaetognath evolution involved paedomorphosis .< ref > Kasatkina, A. P.

Hodge simply refused to accept that natural laws alone could create complex organisms that fit into their niches so perfectly and that evolution could origins.

However some common features of gastrulation across triploblastic organisms include: ( 1 ) A change in the topological structure of the embryo, from a simply connected surface ( sphere-like ), to a non-simply connected surface ( torus-like ); ( 2 ) the differentiation of cells into one of three types ( endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal ); and ( 3 ) the digestive function of a large number of endodermal cells.

Various bodies, and the authors of many technical and semi-technical books, do not simply adapt existing common names for various organisms ; they try to coin ( and put into common use ) comprehensive, useful, authoritative, and standardised lists of new names.

For low densities ( far from carrying capacity ), there is little addition ( or " recruitment ") to the population, simply because there are few organisms to give birth.

Also known simply as knockdowns, these organisms are most commonly used for reverse genetics, especially in species such as mice or rats for which transient knockdown technologies cannot easily be applied.

The name sometimes leads to misunderstandings, as the " live rock " itself is not actually alive, but is made simply from the aragonite skeletons of long dead corals, or other calcareous organisms, which in the ocean form the majority of coral reefs.

The observations that at time t + 1 is simply the sum of all offspring born from the previous time step and that the organisms surviving to time t + 1 are the organisms at time t surviving at probability we get This then motivates the following matrix representation:

It is rarely, if ever, constructed for all types of organisms if simply because of the prodigious data requirements.

Bioirrigation, or simply irrigation, refers to the process of benthic organisms flushing their burrows with overlying water.

Scientifically analyzing norms of reaction in natural populations can be very difficult, simply because natural populations of sexually reproductive organisms usually do not have cleanly separated or superficially identifiable genetic distinctions.

The organisms or foreign materials kill the local cells, resulting in the release of cytokines.

There are separate articles on genetically modified crops, genetically modified food, regulation of the release of genetic modified organisms, and controversies.

The regulation of genetic engineering concerns the approaches taken by governments to assess and manage the risks associated with the use of genetic engineering technology and the development and release of genetically modified organisms ( GMO ), including genetically modified crops and genetically modified fish.

There are separate articles on genetically modified crops, genetically modified food, regulation of the release of genetic modified organisms, and controversies.

Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy and will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy.

The extremely strong bond in elemental nitrogen dominates nitrogen chemistry, causing difficulty for both organisms and industry in breaking the bond to convert the into useful compounds, but at the same time causing release of large amounts of often useful energy when the compounds burn, explode, or decay back into nitrogen gas.

Cellular respiration is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ), and then release waste products.

This will cause the organisms to release after which they can then be shaken free from the substrate and filtered out through a 45 μm mesh and immediately returned to fresh filtered seawater.

The regulation of genetic engineering concerns the approaches taken by governments to assess and manage the risks associated with the use of genetic engineering technology and the development and release of genetically modified organisms ( GMO ).

The enemy release hypothesis, suggests that lack of pressure from co-evolved natural enemies may allow organisms to achieve a large colonial size.

In recent times, they have expressed particular concerns about mining of national parks, fresh water, climate change, peak oil and the release of genetically engineered organisms.

Potential seafloor mining has environmental impacts including dust plumes from mining machinery affecting filter feeding organisms, collapsing or reopening vents, methane clathrate release, or even sub-oceanic land slides.

As blood cools to room temperature, male gametocytes will divide and release microgametes: these are long sinuous filamentous structures that can be mistaken for organisms such as Borrelia.

When basophils are injured, they will release histamine, which contributes to the inflammatory response that helps fight invading organisms.

Once the bone is infected, leukocytes enter the infected area, and, in their attempt to engulf the infectious organisms, release enzymes that lyse the bone.

Bagasse is fermented as Cellular respiration over a year or more, is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ), and then release waste products.

However, since no legal framework exists to authorize the release of such organisms in the nature, sterilization by irradiation remains the most used technique.

The neutrophils engulf and kill the offending organisms but also release cytokines that result in a general activation of the immune system.

The scientists hypothesized that metabolizing organisms would either consume or release at least one of the gases being measured.

Chlorophyll a is essential for most photosynthetic organisms to release chemical energy but is not the only pigment that can be used for photosynthesis.

# REDIRECT Regulation of the release of genetic modified organisms

The materials are generally combined with oxygen to release energy, although some can also be oxidized anaerobically by various organisms.

However, PDMS also has a low modulus of elasticity that allows for the release of fouling organisms at speeds of greater than 20 knots.

In addition to being able to destroy infectious organisms through cell to cell contact via phagocytosis, microglia can also release a variety of cytotoxic substances.