Until 1964, offending boys could be summoned to the Head Master or the Lower Master, as appropriate, to receive a birching on the bare posterior, in a semi-public ceremony held in the Library, where there was a special wooden birching block over which the offender was held.

Until 1964, an annual concert was held by Na Fianna to commemorate their executions.

Until 1964, trains were forced to follow a sharp curve along a contour in order to avoid steep gradients.

Until 1964 the Derwent was crossed by the unique Hobart Bridge, a floating concrete structure just upstream from where the Tasman Bridge now stands.

Until 1964, Guisborough was also served by trains from Middlesbrough ; the Middlesbrough & Guisborough Railway had its terminus at the now-vanished Guisborough station.

Until 1964 there also was a municipality named Nord-Varanger.

Until 1964, boys at Horsham lived in all-through houses from 2nd Form to Grecians ( with the exception of Prep A and Prep B ).

Until the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge was completed in 1964 the Goethals Bridge never turned a profit.

Until 1964, the railway ran through the city centre, with Palmerston North Railway Station in The Square.

Until the camp was closed in 1964, the entire area was cordoned off and its perimeter patrolled by military police.

Until the publication of Lejeune 1971, this Lepontic language was regarded as a " para-Celtic " language, possibly related to Ligurian ( Whatmough 1933, Pisani 1964 ).

Until 1964, it continued south from Bishop to Long Beach, California, and was a transcontinental route.

Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable offspring.

Until 1964 Reblochon was also produced in Italian areas of the Alps.

Until 1964, there existed a Chief of the Naval Staff, as head of the Royal Canadian Navy, a Chief of the General Staff, as head of the Canadian Army, and a Chief of the Air Staff, as head of the Royal Canadian Air Force.

Until 1964 the wing flew obsolete Republic F-84F Thunderjets reclaimed from the Air National Guard.

Until 1964, Vreeland was a separate municipality.

Until 1964, it was only a village, before it was transformed into an industrial-agricultural hub with a cannery, hemp processing factory, and other facilities for food and agricultural processing.

PACAF units in Thailand were under the command of Thirteenth Air Force beginning in 1964, then in 1973 a joint Seventh / Thirteenth Air Force headquarters was established in Bangkok to direct PACAF forces in Thailand operating in Indochina ( Until August 15, 1973 ), and Thailand until the final USAF withdrawal from Southeast Asia in the beginning of 1976.

Until 1964, the village was served by a railway station named Daggons Road, situated to the west of the village, and on a line connecting to Fordingbridge and Salisbury to the north, and Verwood and Wimborne to the south.

Until 1964 Barlow had a railway station on the Selby to Goole branch

Until July 2, 1964 it was called Astrakhanbazar.

Until the Federal Communications Commission required all-channel tuning in 1964, UHF stations were unviewable without a converter.

Until the routine use of medications to prevent and treat acute rejection, introduced in 1964, deceased donor transplantation was not performed.

Until 1964 the Cup-holding nation always hosted these inter-zone ties but was exempt from them, and from the earlier intra-zone matches, needing only to defend its title, at home, in a single, conclusive challenge round tie.

Until the winter of 1978-79, when a major mixing event took place, the Dead Sea was composed of two stratified layers of water that differed in temperature, density, age, and salinity.

Until then, as indicated in point # 1 of the " Laconia Order ", it was common for U-boats to assist torpedoed survivors with food, water, simple medical care for the wounded, and a compass bearing to the nearest landmass ; it was extremely rare for survivors to be brought on board as space on a U-boat was barely enough for its own crew.

Until 1989 water resources were administered regionally or locally.

Until the early 1990s locals filled water cisterns from the rain that fell on roofs and courts, from small springs, and with imported assistance from other areas of Greece.

Until 1992, it was assumed that the rare, later ( younger ) banded iron deposits represented unusual conditions where oxygen was depleted locally, and iron-rich waters could form and then come into contact with oxygenated water.

Until recently, the Bratsk Reservoir — one of the world's largest — was a source of drinking water for many nearby cities.

Until the 19th century, passengers travelled in coches d ' eau ( water coaches ) drawn by men or horses, or under sail.

Until the Soviet period there were many such ponds, which were the city's principal source of water, but they were notorious for spreading disease and were mostly filled in during the 1920s and 1930s.

Until 1998 The only water supply was on what is now called the " pump road " Where on the edge of a gravel road sits an old hand pump.

Until 2004 it was a separate municipality and covered an area of 20. 77 km² ( of which 3. 38 km² water ).

Until 2004 it was a separate municipality and covered an area of 20. 15 km² ( of which 5. 70 km² is water ).

Until the mid-twenties, there was a major river ford at May Avenue that was used whenever the water wasn't too deep.

Until very recently, rowers and sailors who fell into the water were advised to go to the hospital for tetanus shots.

Until the middle 19th century most fires were fought by water transported to the scene in buckets.

Until the first water tower was erected in 1924, with Spavinaw as the water source, water was brought into town in barrels from the Owasso Lake & sold for. 50 a barrel.

Until 1936 the water was pumped into the feeder by a beam engine, whose engine house can still be seen.

Until the summit level was completed, little thought seems to have been given to water supply.

Until recently, the use of siphon-type cisterns was mandatory in the UK to avoid the potential waste of water by millions of leaking toilets with flapper valves but due to EU harmonisation the regulations have changed.

Until the closure of the mine, water was used for cooling and the warm water was pumped back into the pond where it heated the swimming basin of the woodland pool.

Until 1918, when its commercial growth began, Fort-de-France had an inadequate water supply, was partly surrounded by swamps, and was notorious for yellow fever.

Until recently, Andamooka townsfolk had to rely on water supplies trucked in from Roxby Downs, or above ground cisterns for the limited rainfall of the region.

Until the 1960s, this quiet area was without basic infrastructure ; there were no sewage facilities, water, or electricity, and no road from Squamish or Vancouver.