Until the expulsion of Germans from the Czechoslovakia in 1946, the majority of population of the town was German.

Until their expulsion in 1945 the majority of the population of the city was German ( see Sudetenland ).

Until the expulsion of the Jews in 1290, the Constable was responsible for the regulation of London's Jewry.

Until Moscow resumed nuclear testing last September 1, the US and UK had released more than twice as much radiation into the atmosphere as the Russians, and the fallout from the earlier blasts is still coming down.

Until better records have been kept over longer periods of time and much more is known about the maximum dimensions, it will be wise to refrain from drawing conclusions.

Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences, but in modern usage the fine arts, where aesthetic considerations are paramount, are distinguished from acquired skills in general, and the decorative or applied arts.

Until his return from Mexico in 1930 Whorf had been entirely an autodidact in linguistic theory and field methodology, yet he had already made a name for himself in Middle American linguistics.

Until recent years the Air Force suffered somewhat from fuel shortages ; a problem which was overcome in 2008.

Until 1928 it was directed by a General Manager, after this time instead by a Governor elected by an internal commission of managers, with a decree from the President of the Italian Republic for a term of 7 years.

Until March 2012 bulletins came from the News Channel studio at 45 minutes past the hour.

Until May 2009, the morning business updates on BBC Breakfast and on the BBC News Channel were broadcast from one of the London Stock Exchange's studios in central London.

Until June 2007, The New York Times, from which the Square gets its name, was published at offices at 239 West 43rd Street ; the paper stopped printing papers there on June 15, 1997.

Until 2003 the Lower Houses were restricted to upper year students but with the double cohort of graduates from Ontario schools many of the rooms were transformed into doubles and now hold first years.

Until the 1911 reform, the psalms were arranged according to a disposition dating from the 8th century, as follows: Psalms i .– cviii., with some omissions, were recited at Matins, twelve each day from Monday to Saturday, and eighteen on Sunday.

Until the mid-19th century the Banda Islands were the world's only source of the spices nutmeg and mace, produced from the nutmeg tree.

Until he began making spoken dialogue films with The Great Dictator ( 1940 ), he never shot from a completed script, but instead usually started with only a vague premise — for example " Charlie enters a health spa " or " Charlie works in a pawn shop.

Until at least September 2005, the United States funded efforts to help protect a major pipeline, the 769-kilometer-long Caño Limón – Puerto Coveñas pipeline, which carries about 20 percent of Colombia's oil production to Puerto Coveñas from the guerrilla-infested Arauca region in the eastern Andean foothills and Amazonian jungle.

* Fox News: Until 2004, the CRTC's apparent reluctance to grant a digital licence to Fox News under the same policy which made it difficult for RAI to enter the country-same-genre competition from foreign services-had angered many conservative Canadians, who believed the network was deliberately being kept out due to its perceived conservative bias, particularly given the long-standing availability of services such as CNN and BBC World in Canada.

Until the opening of the Suez Canal, the islands used to be an important refuelling and provisioning station for ships from Europe to the Indian Ocean.

Until then, the Brewers had a rivalry with the White Sox, which had become known as The I-94 Series, as both teams are just a short drive from Interstate 94.

Until the two World Wars, in most European countries the political class was formed by conservative liberals, from Germany to Italy.

Until the 16th century, no European had ever heard of the popular drink from the Central and South American peoples.

Until Joseph Bramah patented the beer engine in 1785, beer was served directly from the barrel and carried to the customer.

Until the mid 1990s the tariff was decided by the FINA diving committee, and divers could only select from the range of dives in the published tariff table.

Until recently this prevented the technique from being more widely adopted, but software emulations of rythmo band technology overcome the disadvantages of the traditional rythmo band process and significantly reduce the time needed to prepare a dubbing session.

Until this German Federal legislation was introduced, there were no recognised mechanism to prevent administrators in private bodies and civil servants in public-funded bodies ( such as universities ) from automatically discriminating between the qualifications of people with German doctorates compared to holders of doctorates from an EU member state.

Until 1948 the Faroes had the official status of a Danish amt ( county ).

Until the beginning of the British Mandate in Palestine ( 1922 – 1948 ), the population was predominantly Arab Christian ( majority Orthodox Christians ), with an Arab Muslim minority.

Until 1948 it remained owned by Munn & Company.

From Haven to Conquest: Readings in Zionism and the Palestine Problem Until 1948.

Until 1948, ENIAC required rewiring to reprogram, like the Colossus.

Until 1948, the oldest manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible dated back to 895 A. D.

Until 1948, some councils of the Boy Scouts of America were racially segregated.

Until 1948, most southern councils of the Boy Scouts of America were racially segregated, as the southern states had legal segregation of public facilities.

Until 1948, streetcar line # 7 of the Key System ran to Kensington from Berkeley along Arlington Avenue, terminating in the small commercial area at Amherst Avenue.

Until 1948, Great Budworth was part of the Arley Hall estate.

Until 1948, Great Budworth was part of the Arley Hall estate.

Until the reform of 1948, the States of Alderney consisted of:

Until 1948, the university used a nameless shock of wheat as its symbol.

Until 1948, Lydda was an Arab town with a population of around 20, 000 — 18, 500 Muslims and 1, 500 Christians.

Until 1948, Snake Island was considered part of the Romanian coastal city of Sulina.

Until 1948, the city was instead known as Shímén ( 石門 ), and then it was renamed to Shijiazhuang.

Until 1948, a melody without lyrics called the ' Salaamathi ' was performed by a royal band on state occasions at the ' Etherekoilu ', the residence of the Sultan.

Until 1989 there were four variants, the first being changed shortly after 1948 ( the proclamation of the republic ), again changed in 1956 ( a red star was added ), and finally in 1966, when Romania ceased to be a People's Republic, and became a Socialist Republic.

Until 1948, it was part of the old prefecture of Argolidocorinthia, which is now split into Argolis and Corinthia.

Until 1948, the team guernsey was gold with a black V, in 1949 the club adopted the now familiar black with gold sash design.

Until 1948 Koch was a member of the LDPD's executive committee.

Until they were abandoned in 1948, Neve Yaakov and Atarot were the only Jewish settlements north of the Old City.

Until 1948, it was the site of an Arab village.

Until the creation of the National health Service in 1948 the hospital was supported by the Corporation of Manchester and by voluntary contributions.