Until this German Federal legislation was introduced, there were no recognised mechanism to prevent administrators in private bodies and civil servants in public-funded bodies ( such as universities ) from automatically discriminating between the qualifications of people with German doctorates compared to holders of doctorates from an EU member state.

Until 1945, however, the labour movement remained weak, impeded by lack of legal rights, anti-union legislation, management-organized factory councils, and political divisions between “ cooperative ” and radical unionists.

Until 1911, Prime Ministers had to guide legislation through the Commons and the Lords and obtain a majority approval in both to translate it into law.

Until recently, there were tax advantages to living trusts in South Africa, although most of these advantages have fallen away with new legislation.

Until 1996, the President appointed the mayor of Buenos Aires, and by law, the president and Congress controlled any legislation that affected the city.

Until the late 20th-century, the Company retained paramount responsibility for hallmarking platinum, gold and silver, but successive parliamentary legislation has devolved much authority to Government departments ..

Such schools are eligible for federal funding under Title III of the Higher Education Act of 1965. Until 2007, no federal legislation existed concerning Asian American and Pacific Islander ( AAPI ) Serving Institutions.

Until 2007, it was limited to nine years with grades 10-11 optional ; federal subjects of Russia could enforce higher compulsory standard through local legislation within the eleven – year federal program.

Until the Act, the Lords had equal rights over legislation compared to the Commons, but did not utilise its right of veto over financial measures by convention.

Until 2012, she was the longest serving Congresswoman, now having been surpassed by Barbara Mikulski, and in her 35 years in the House of Representatives she was a powerful voice for veterans and sponsored seminal legislation, including the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 ( commonly known as the G. I.

Until that legislation, under the Travel Control Act of 1918, the president had the authority to require passports for foreign travel only in time of war.

Until this legislation was approved, the institutions governed by the Board of Technical and Adult Education were prohibited from using the word " college " in their official names.

Until such legislation is passed, however, " the courts may not adopt such a policy by attributing an enlarged and unusual meaning to the Fourth Amendment ," as there are no precedents that permit the Fourth Amendment to apply as a viable defense in cases where there had been no official search and seizure of the person, his papers, tangible material effects, or an actual physical invasion of property.

Until legislation in the fifteenth century the franchise for elections of knights of the shire to serve as the representatives of counties in the Parliament of England was not restricted to forty shilling freeholders.

Until 1945, however, the labour movement remained weak, impeded by lack of legal rights, anti-union legislation, management-organized factory councils, and political divisions between “ cooperative ” and radical unionists.

Until legislation in 1430 limited the franchise to all those who owned the freehold of land that brought in an annual rent of at least 40 shillings ( Forty Shilling Freeholders ), Seymour suggested " it is probable that all free inhabitant householders voted and that the parliamentary qualification was, like that which compelled attendance in the county court, merely a " resiance " or " residence qualification ".

Until 1958 the state was also entitled to a special type of manufacturers' discount through the dealers.

Until the dissolution of Holy Roman Empire and mediatization of smaller imperial fiefs by Napoleon, the evangelical Abbess of Quedlinburg was also per officio the head of that reichsunmittelbar state.

Until 2009, the state organization was divided into six provinces.

Until the mid-19th century, relations between nation-states were dictated by treaty, agreements to behave in a certain way towards another state, unenforceable except by force, and not binding except as matters of honor and faithfulness.

Until 1992, Mauritius was a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as head of state, but on 12 March of that year, the country became a republic within the Commonwealth.

Until the body reestablishes its normal state, once the effect of the ingested stimulant has worn off the user may feel depressed, lethargic, confused, and miserable.

Until after World War II, the landlocked British possession of Southern Rhodesia was not developed as an indigenous African territory, but rather as a unique state which reflected its multiracial character.

Until 1982, the main civil telecommunications system in the UK was a state monopoly known ( since reorganisation in 1969 ) as Post Office Telecommunications.

Until his death in 1827, little was altered in the constitutional regulation of the Saxon state.

Until the 1900 census, Helena was the most populated city in the state.

Until 2010, the causes of action for divorce in New York state ( accusations

Until 1344 the island was part of the Kingdom of Majorca, a vassal state of the Crown of Aragon.

Until late 1921, al-Husayni focused his efforts on Pan-Arabism and the ideology of the Greater Syria in particular, with Palestine understood as a southern province of an Arab state whose capital was to be established in Damascus.

Until the 1980s, many of Austria's largest industry firms were nationalised ; in recent years, however, privatisation has reduced state holdings to a level comparable to other European economies.

Until recently the country's oil industry was fully controlled by the state company YPFB, established in 1936 with the mission to develop, refine and distribute oil resources.

Until 2000 it held the position of state church.

Until the Australia Act 1986, each state was constitutionally dependent upon the British Crown directly.

Until their eventual rematch in 1998, Chávez would always state that De La Hoya had not defeated him, but that a gash that he had suffered in training was the real cause of the stoppage of the fight.

Until 2000, the state of Georgia used the sequential interchange numbering system on all of its Interstate Highways.

Until other forms of gambling became legal in Arkansas four decades later, Oaklawn Park, a thoroughbred horse racing track south of downtown, was the only legal gambling establishment in Hot Springs and one of only two in the state of Arkansas ; the other was the Southland Greyhound Park dog track in West Memphis.

Until 1847, when the state legislature recognized the community as a town, it was called interchangeably called the " New City ", " Essex " or " Merrimac ".

Until it was cut down due to safety concerns, Lancaster boasted the largest oak tree in the state, called the Beaman Oak, named after settler Gamaliel Beaman ( 1623 – 1677 ).

Until recently, Mayes County was the second largest dairy producing county in the state.

Until the introduction of gunpowder into western warfare artillery depended upon mechanical energy to operate and this severely limited the kinetic energy of the projectiles while also requiring the construction of very large apparatus to store sufficient energy.

 Until the St. Pancras extension was complete, and for some time afterwards, some trains exchanged the locomotive at Kentish Town for one fitted with condensing apparatus and continued to Moorgate station, then named Moorgate Street station.

Until all locomotives in switching service are equipped with remote control apparatus, the CCRCLs provide an easy way of ensuring that remote control capability is available.