Until such work is done, there must remain the nagging suspicion that alienation may be little more than an expression of the malaise of the intellectual, who, rejected by and in turn rejecting the larger society, projects his own fear and despair onto the broader social screen.

Until such evidence appears, we must make do with the evidence we have.

Until the introduction of ampicillin by the British company Beecham, penicillin therapies had only been effective against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.

Until the Ford era cars had been produced by hand coachbuilding craft methods, such as the English wheel.

Until that time, software was bundled with the hardware by Original equipment manufacturers ( OEMs ) such as Data General, Digital Equipment and IBM.

Until modern times, precious metals such as gold or silver typically were used to retain the commodity nature of the store of value function of money.

* Fox News: Until 2004, the CRTC's apparent reluctance to grant a digital licence to Fox News under the same policy which made it difficult for RAI to enter the country-same-genre competition from foreign services-had angered many conservative Canadians, who believed the network was deliberately being kept out due to its perceived conservative bias, particularly given the long-standing availability of services such as CNN and BBC World in Canada.

Until about 2000, users of Unix desktops regarded CDE as the de facto standard, but at that time, other desktop environments such as GNOME and K Desktop Environment 2 were quickly becoming mature, and became almost universal on the Linux platform, which already had a larger user base than most commercial Unixes in total.

Until this German Federal legislation was introduced, there were no recognised mechanism to prevent administrators in private bodies and civil servants in public-funded bodies ( such as universities ) from automatically discriminating between the qualifications of people with German doctorates compared to holders of doctorates from an EU member state.

Until the 20th century, there was no technology capable of detecting the deviations from Euclidean geometry, but Einstein predicted that such deviations would exist.

Until recently, many researchers believed phocids evolved separately from otariids and odobenids from otter-like animals, such as Potamotherium, which inhabited European freshwater lakes.

Until the mid-19th century, projectiles and propellant ( black powder ) were generally separate components used in a muzzle-loading firearm such as a rifle, pistol, or cannon.

Until recently, the Preclassic was regarded as a formative period, consisting of small villages of farmers who lived in huts and few permanent buildings, but this notion has been challenged by recent discoveries of monumental architecture from that period, such as an altar in La Blanca, San Marcos, from 1000 BC ; ceremonial sites at Miraflores and El Naranjo from 801 BC ; the earliest monumental masks ; and the Mirador Basin cities of Nakbé, Xulnal, El Tintal, Wakná and El Mirador.

Until fairly recently, about the end of the Second World War, such weapons were characterized by a barrel length 15 to 25 times the caliber of the gun.

Until about 1800, the most common pattern of steam engine was the beam engine, built as an integral part of a stone or brick engine-house, but soon various patterns of self-contained portative engines ( readily removable, but not on wheels ) were developed, such as the table engine.

Until Pope Pius X reduced in 1911 the number of Holy Days of Obligation to 8, there were in the course of the year 36 such days, apart from Sundays.

Until the 1970s there were no more than a dozen such sites around the moor, usually in the most inaccessible locations.

Until the rise of Christianity, Islam and Tibetan Buddhism, the religion largely ceased, especially Buddhism which the rejection of a creator god, Tengri has been heavily diminished or clove in such communities.

Until the scientific revolution, it was very natural to see such aims, such as a child's growth, for example, leading to a mature adult.

Until 2006, Togo was very much a minor force in world football, but like fellow West African nations such as Senegal, Nigeria and Cameroon before them, the Togolese national team finally qualified for the World Cup.

Until 1989, areas outside of these main cities had access to only a single commercial station, and these rural stations often formed small networks such as Prime Television.

Until recently prion diseases were only thought to be transmissible via direct contact with infected tissue, such as from eating infected tissue, transfusion or transplantation ; new research now suggests that prion diseases can be transmitted via aerosols, but that the general public is not at risk of airborne infection.

Until R. v. Powley ( 2003 ), there was little development in such a definition.

Until late 1990s, CPU s in desktop computers did not have much support for multithreading, although threads were still used on such computers because switching between threads was generally still quicker than full process context switches.

Until better records have been kept over longer periods of time and much more is known about the maximum dimensions, it will be wise to refrain from drawing conclusions.

" Until this time IP address registration in the ARIN region was done by a department within the Network Solutions corporation, which provided the initial staff and computer infrastructure for ARIN.

Until 1928 it was directed by a General Manager, after this time instead by a Governor elected by an internal commission of managers, with a decree from the President of the Italian Republic for a term of 7 years.

Until 1945, Bulgarian orthography did not reveal this alternation and used the original Old Slavic Cyrillic letter yat (), which was commonly called двойно е ( dvoyno e ) at the time, to express the historical yat vowel or at least root vowels displaying the ya – e alternation.

Until that time, neutron stars, like black holes, were regarded as just theoretical curiosities ; but the discovery of pulsars showed their physical relevance and spurred a further interest in all types of compact objects that might be formed by gravitational collapse.

Until the mid-19th century, the Museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of Augustus Wollaston Franks to curate the collections, the Museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, prehistory, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of ethnography.

Until that time, the concept of an NP-complete problem did not even exist.

Until this time, Mike Baldwin had been portrayed as an only child, with his father appearing in the programme between 1980 and 1982 confirming the fact.

Until recently this prevented the technique from being more widely adopted, but software emulations of rythmo band technology overcome the disadvantages of the traditional rythmo band process and significantly reduce the time needed to prepare a dubbing session.

Until the election of his son George W. Bush to the presidency in 2000, Bush was commonly referred to simply as " George Bush "; since that time, the forms " George H. W. Bush ", " Bush 41 ", " Bush the Elder ", and " George Bush, Sr ." have come into common use as a way to distinguish the father from the son.

Until that time, Pliny's work Historia Naturalis was the main source of information on metals and mining techniques, and Agricola made numerous references to the Roman encyclopedia.

Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract and conceptual approaches gained favor.

Until Henry's time, Cape Bojador remained the most southerly point known to Europeans on the unpromising desert coast of Africa, although the Periplus of the Carthaginian Hanno the Navigator described a journey farther south about 2, 000 years earlier.

Until that time, outgoing president Adams and the Federalist-controlled 6th Congress were still in power.

Until that time period, the Mi ’ kmaq had lived in Nova Scotia for centuries.

Until the selection of Rickey Jackson in 2010, there had been no players in the Hall of Fame whose time with the Saints contributed to their selection ; the others were chosen for their work with previous teams.

Until the time of the Avignon Papacy, the residence of the Pope was the Lateran Palace, donated by the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great.

Until Victor's time, Rome celebrated the Mass in Greek.

Until that time beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches.

Until the early 17th century large outline images of the giants Gog and Magog ( or Goemagot and Corineus ) had for a long time been cut into the turf of the Hoe exposing the white limestone beneath.

Until that time, American sexology consisted primarily of groups working to end prostitution and to educate youth about sexually transmitted diseases.

Until that time, rigid harmonic schemes had forced rhythmic patterns to stay fairly uncomplicated.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, time was believed to be independent of motion, progressing at a fixed rate in all reference frames ; however, later experiments revealed that time slows at higher speeds of the reference frame relative to another reference frame.