Until the 1980s, the flagship of the ocean-going navy was the aircraft carrier Minas Gerais ( the ex-British HMS Vengeance ), which has been in service since 1945.

Until the early 1980s, they were known as video display terminals and were physically attached to the computer and keyboard.

Until the 1980s Black British and Asian British culture was significantly under-represented in mainstream British cinema, as they were in many areas of British life.

Until the 1980s it was rare for graduate programs to teach how to teach ; the assumption was that teaching was easy and that learning how to do research was the main mission.

Until the 1980s most multihull sailboats ( except for beach cats ) were built either by their owners or by boat builders on a semi-custom basis.

Until the 1980s, Saudi Arabia had lakes at Layla Aflaj and deep waterholes at ' Al-Kharj, fed by huge underground aquifers, formed in prehistoric times and non-renewable.

Until the late 1980s, UMIST's official alumni organisation was called the Manchester Technology Association, a name which was a relic of UMIST's past incarnation as ' The Tech '.

Until the early 1980s the arrival of Finnic peoples, the ancestors of the Estonians, Finns, and Livonians, on the shores of the Baltic sea was associated with the Comb Ceramic Culture.

Until the late 1980s the M61 primarily used the M50 series of ammunition in various types, typically firing a 3. 5 oz ( 100 gram ) projectile at a muzzle velocity of about.

Until the development of reinforced barbed tape in the early 1980s, it was rarely used for military purposes or genuine high security facilities because, with the correct tools, it was easier to breach than barbed wire.

Until the 1980s, three-point belts were commonly available only in the front outboard seats of cars ; the back seats were only often fitted with lap belts.

Until the 1970s and 1980s, when the disease's molecular genetics became known, the juvenile and adult forms of the disease were not always recognized as variants of Tay – Sachs disease.

Until the 1980s, pachinko machines were mechanical devices, using bells to indicate different states of the machine.

Until 1980s, Kaznacheyev and his team carried out about 12 000 experiments.

Until the late 1980s this was considered an area of poverty, since these houses were, and in most areas still are, mostly unlivable.

Until the 1980s, the association did not offer women's athletics.

Until the late 1980s PRC used quotation marks around terms for all official ROC positions and organisations such as " President " and " government " to imply non-recognition, a practice that was reciprocated by the ROC.

Until the end of the 1980s Delta published about 200 science fiction books.

Until the 1980s this idea was not taken seriously, but opinions changed following the discovery of the Chicxulub Crater, which was further reinforced by witness to the Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 event.

Until the 1980s, many of Austria's largest industry firms were nationalised ; in recent years, however, privatisation has reduced state holdings to a level comparable to other European economies.

Until the 1980s all Moskvitch cars were compact rear-wheel drive saloons and estates with solid rear axles suspended by leaf springs.

Until the late 1980s and early 1990s, much of Chesapeake was either suburban or rural, serving as a bedroom community of the adjacent cities of Norfolk and Virginia Beach with residents commuting to these locations.

Until the 1980s and before the Fuzhou influx, what is now the western section of Chinatown or known as the Old Chinatown of Manhattan was the original size of Manhattan's Chinatown with The Bowery at the time serving as the original eastern borderline of Chinatown and this was where the Chinese population mostly concentrated on the Lower East Side, mostly the Cantonese.

to the 1980s, Until 1950 the Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad provided both passenger and freight service from Annapolis to Baltimore ; passenger service ended in February 1950 due to increased competition from buses and private automobiles, but freight service continued until Hurricane Agnes did so much damage to a trestle crossing the Severn River in Annapolis that the trestle was condemned for use by trains by the Army Corps of Engineers in the late 1960s ( The trestle remained as a haven for fishermen and crabbers until it was dismantled ).

Until 2009 Allegan was the longstanding manufacturing base of the Haworth ( company ) Seating Plant ; the City of Allegan lost a major UAW-organized Rockwell manufacturing plant in the early 1980s.

Until this hunter-killer operation can be performed by spacecraft, manned aircraft appear to be the only means available to us.

Until he was four years old, van Vogt and his family spoke only a dialect of Low German in the home.

Until May 2009, the only successful published attacks against the full AES were side-channel attacks on some specific implementations.

Until the introduction of ampicillin by the British company Beecham, penicillin therapies had only been effective against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.

Until the late 19th century the only available propellant was black powder.

Until 2005-2006 broadband access ( mostly using ADSL ) was available only in a few major cities in Belarus.

Until the mid-19th century the Banda Islands were the world's only source of the spices nutmeg and mace, produced from the nutmeg tree.

Until he began making spoken dialogue films with The Great Dictator ( 1940 ), he never shot from a completed script, but instead usually started with only a vague premise — for example " Charlie enters a health spa " or " Charlie works in a pawn shop.

Until 1917 it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal ( see " lay cardinals ", below ), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons.

Until this time, Mike Baldwin had been portrayed as an only child, with his father appearing in the programme between 1980 and 1982 confirming the fact.

Until the mid 1990s the tariff was decided by the FINA diving committee, and divers could only select from the range of dives in the published tariff table.

Until the birth of Prince Hisahito, son of Prince Akishino, on September 6, 2006, there was a potential succession problem, since Prince Akishino was the only male child to be born into the imperial family since 1965.

Until the French Revolution, this canon was of considerable importance in criminal law, not only ecclesiastical but even civil.

Until the early 18th century granite could only be carved by hand tools with generally poor results.

Until quite recently, many Hudson's Bay Company stores were the only stores in remote towns.

Until 1980, the family Hominidae contained only humans, with the great apes in the family Pongidae.

Until this point, they are easily confused with mudpuppies, and can be differentiated often only through toe number.

Until recently, Wozniak's SuperMemo was the only implementation of incremental reading ( as opposed to simply spaced repetition of questions and cloze deletions etc .).

Until about 1750, in large part due to malnutrition, life expectancy in France was about 35 years, and only slightly higher in England.

Until the 12th century brought translations from Arabic sources, Isidore transmitted what western Europeans remembered of the works of Aristotle and other Greeks, although he understood only a limited amount of Greek.

Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range.

Until the 19th century, most libraries had closed stacks, so the library classification only served to organize the subject catalog.

Until then, only a small percentage of the population were literate as only wealthy individuals and institutions could afford the materials.