Until this point Austria and Switzerland had been the traditional and more popular destinations for winter sports, but by the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, France, Italy and the Tyrol began so see increases in winter visitors.

Until the end of the 18th Century, bridges were made out of timber, stone and masonry.

Until the end of the 19th century, it seems to have been generally assumed that the general meeting ( of all shareholders ) was the supreme organ of the company, and the board of directors was merely an agent of the company subject to the control of the shareholders in general meeting.

Until the end of the silent era, several inches were cut from the start of each shot developed to test it.

Until the end of the 19th century, rubber was the main export.

Until 1963 when the line was closed, Terrier steam locomotives pulled carriages along the Hayling Billy line from Havant station on the mainland to a station which was located at the northern end of Staunton Avenue, passing through Langstone where there was a Halt.

Until fairly recently, about the end of the Second World War, such weapons were characterized by a barrel length 15 to 25 times the caliber of the gun.

Until the end of 1991 ( the end of the USSR ), the sole fixed-line telephone operator in the country was the Ministry of Communications of the USSR.

Until that time, American sexology consisted primarily of groups working to end prostitution and to educate youth about sexually transmitted diseases.

Until the end of the Cold War nearly all men reaching the age of military service were conscripted.

Until the end of the 16th century, unanimity was not required, and the majority-voting process was the most commonly used system for voting.

Until the end of 1993, Turkmenistan had experienced less economic disruption than other former Soviet states because its economy received a boost from higher prices for oil and gas and a sharp increase in hard currency earnings.

Until the end of the 2009-10 season, competitions included one or more compulsory dances (" CD "), an original dance (" OD "), and the free dance.

Until the end of the 19th century, the only welding process was forge welding, which blacksmiths had used for centuries to join iron and steel by heating and hammering.

Until the end of the 18th century, the written language used in Ukraine was quite different from the spoken, which is one of the key difficulties in tracing the origin of the Ukrainian language more precisely.

Until the end of the 16th century, most of the canton's land belonged to the city of Basel.

Until the end of the 2006 season, teams could choose the manufacturer of the braking system.

Until the suppression of the Octave of the Epiphany in the 1960 reforms, 13 January was the Octave day of the Epiphany, providing the date for the end of the season.

Until the end of the 1990s, political life in Omsk was defined by an ongoing feud between the oblast and city authorities.

Until the end of the 1980s Delta published about 200 science fiction books.

Until at least 1908, the British took the Macdonald line to be the boundary, but in 1911, the Xinhai Revolution resulted in the collapse of central power in China, and by the end of World War I, the British officially used the Johnson Line.

Until the end of 2002, Voice of America operated a medium-wave radio relay station in Punta Gorda that broadcast to the neighboring countries of Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador.

Until the end of his reign, the kingdom of François II was paralyzed by local revolts, the premises of the wars of religion.

Until the end of the 20th century, psychoanalysis had no theory of emotional experience and, by extension, no theory of emotional intelligence.

Until the 18th century, however, no theoretical basis for soil design had been developed and the discipline was more of an art than a science, relying on past experience.

Until the early 18th century granite could only be carved by hand tools with generally poor results.

Until the late 18th century, the island of Madagascar was ruled by a fragmented assortment of shifting socio-political alliances.

Until the beginning of the 18th century, there appears to have been no national government or national leader.

Until the beginning of the 18th century, there appears to have been no national government or national leader in Niue.

Until the Inclosure Acts, which came into force in England in the 18th century, there had been little need for horses to jump fences routinely, but with this act of Parliament came new challenges for those who followed fox hounds.

Until the early 18th century, a major language of Polish literature was Latin, widely popular across all of Western and Central Europe at the time.

Until the 18th Century, prisoners were housed in the towers of the medieval and early modern fortifications store.

Until the 18th century, food was cooked over an open fire.

Until the exchange rates were standardised in the late 18th century each colony legislated its own different exchange rates.

Until the 18th century, calamine was essential for the production of brass since metallic zinc does not exist in nature and no technique was known to produce it.

Until the early 18th century, virtually all European small craft and many larger vessels were built without formal plans being drawn.

Until the 18th century raiding armies, earthquakes, famines, floods and pirate attacks ravaged the city.

Until the beginning of the 18th century, no rotary winnowing fans existed in the West.

Until the late 18th century, American Indian tribes hunted and fished in the general Fox Chapel area.

Until the late 18th century, if an office wanted to keep a copy of an outgoing letter, a clerk had to write out the copy by hand.

Until 2008, the cakes were baked in the original 18th century bakery, which was then renovated because of new national sanitary standards, but still uses the original recipes.

Until the 18th century Oostmalle was known for its black pottery, such as " Lollepotten " which were small stoves used for personal heating in winter.

Until the mid 18th century there was a ferry between Sandwich and the island ; in 1755 a wooden drawbridge was built, and the ferry was closed.

Until the 18th century, the general belief in Christendom was that the earth was created about 4, 000-5, 500 years before the birth of Christ, and that the Garden of Eden, the Flood, the Tower of Babel, and the stories of Abraham and the Exodus described actual events, constituting a genuine narrative history from Creation to the founding of Israel.

Until the 18th century the Manor of Staley formed part of the parish of St Michael and All Angels, Mottram.

Until the 18th century, some groups were nearly universally persecuted for their views about religion, such as atheists, Jews and zoroastrians.

Until the end of the 18th century, this was the main market for the town.