Until this point Austria and Switzerland had been the traditional and more popular destinations for winter sports, but by the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, France, Italy and the Tyrol began so see increases in winter visitors.

Until the end of the 18th Century, bridges were made out of timber, stone and masonry.

Until the end of the 19th century, it seems to have been generally assumed that the general meeting ( of all shareholders ) was the supreme organ of the company, and the board of directors was merely an agent of the company subject to the control of the shareholders in general meeting.

Until the end of the silent era, several inches were cut from the start of each shot developed to test it.

Until the end of the 19th century, rubber was the main export.

Until 1963 when the line was closed, Terrier steam locomotives pulled carriages along the Hayling Billy line from Havant station on the mainland to a station which was located at the northern end of Staunton Avenue, passing through Langstone where there was a Halt.

Until fairly recently, about the end of the Second World War, such weapons were characterized by a barrel length 15 to 25 times the caliber of the gun.

Until the end of 1991 ( the end of the USSR ), the sole fixed-line telephone operator in the country was the Ministry of Communications of the USSR.

Until that time, American sexology consisted primarily of groups working to end prostitution and to educate youth about sexually transmitted diseases.

Until the end of the Cold War nearly all men reaching the age of military service were conscripted.

Until the end of the 16th century, unanimity was not required, and the majority-voting process was the most commonly used system for voting.

Until the end of 1993, Turkmenistan had experienced less economic disruption than other former Soviet states because its economy received a boost from higher prices for oil and gas and a sharp increase in hard currency earnings.

Until the end of the 2009-10 season, competitions included one or more compulsory dances (" CD "), an original dance (" OD "), and the free dance.

Until the end of the 19th century, the only welding process was forge welding, which blacksmiths had used for centuries to join iron and steel by heating and hammering.

Until the end of the 18th century, the written language used in Ukraine was quite different from the spoken, which is one of the key difficulties in tracing the origin of the Ukrainian language more precisely.

Until the end of the 16th century, most of the canton's land belonged to the city of Basel.

Until the end of the 2006 season, teams could choose the manufacturer of the braking system.

Until the suppression of the Octave of the Epiphany in the 1960 reforms, 13 January was the Octave day of the Epiphany, providing the date for the end of the season.

Until the end of the 1990s, political life in Omsk was defined by an ongoing feud between the oblast and city authorities.

Until the end of the 1980s Delta published about 200 science fiction books.

Until at least 1908, the British took the Macdonald line to be the boundary, but in 1911, the Xinhai Revolution resulted in the collapse of central power in China, and by the end of World War I, the British officially used the Johnson Line.

Until the end of 2002, Voice of America operated a medium-wave radio relay station in Punta Gorda that broadcast to the neighboring countries of Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador.

Until the end of his reign, the kingdom of François II was paralyzed by local revolts, the premises of the wars of religion.

Until the end of the 20th century, psychoanalysis had no theory of emotional experience and, by extension, no theory of emotional intelligence.

Until the 20th century, the term asphaltum was also used.

Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences, but in modern usage the fine arts, where aesthetic considerations are paramount, are distinguished from acquired skills in general, and the decorative or applied arts.

Until the late 19th century, the axiom of choice was often used implicitly, although it had not yet been formally stated.

Until the mid-20th century, anchors for smaller vessels were either scaled-down versions of admiralty anchors, or simple grapnels.

Until the late 19th century the only available propellant was black powder.

Until the mid 19th century most boats were of all natural materials ; primarily wood although reed, bark and animal skins were also used.

Until the early 20th century, unsure of the site of Palaepharsalos, scholars followed Arrian ( 2. 75 ) and located the battle south of the Enipeus or close to Pharsalos ( today's Pharsala ).

Until the 19th century the majority of battles were of short duration, many lasting a part of a day.

Until the mid-nineteenth century, commercial banks in Britain were able to issue their own banknotes, and notes issued by provincial banking companies were commonly in circulation.

Until the mid-19th century, the Museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of Augustus Wollaston Franks to curate the collections, the Museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, prehistory, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of ethnography.

Until the 1911 reform, the psalms were arranged according to a disposition dating from the 8th century, as follows: Psalms i .– cviii., with some omissions, were recited at Matins, twelve each day from Monday to Saturday, and eighteen on Sunday.

Until the mid-19th century the Banda Islands were the world's only source of the spices nutmeg and mace, produced from the nutmeg tree.

Until the early seventeenth century the Bandas were ruled by a group of leading citizens, the orang kaya ( literally ' rich men '), each of these was a head of district.

Until the mid-19th century, when the river was tamed by dams, levees, and other controls, the Nile in the vicinity of Cairo was highly susceptible to changes in course and surface level.

Until the 16th century, no European had ever heard of the popular drink from the Central and South American peoples.

Until the 21st century most used cathode ray tubes but they have largely been superseded by LCD monitors.

Until the 20th century, there was no technology capable of detecting the deviations from Euclidean geometry, but Einstein predicted that such deviations would exist.

Until the 19th century, the most common theory among scientists was still the concept of scala naturae, proposed by Aristotle.

Until 2009, when the new constitution came into force and created the Legislative Assembly, the legislature of the islands was the Legislative Council, which had existed since the 19th century.

Until the 6th century AD, the region of today's Franconia was probably dominated by Alamanni and Thuringians.

Until the mid-19th century, projectiles and propellant ( black powder ) were generally separate components used in a muzzle-loading firearm such as a rifle, pistol, or cannon.