Until the latter half of the 20th century, sugarbeet production was highly labor-intensive, as weed control was managed by densely planting the crop, which then had to be manually thinned two or three times with a hoe during the growing season.

Until the latter half of the Japanese colonial era the Mountain tribes were not entirely governed by any non-tribal polity.

Until the latter half of the 20th century, critical editions of the Samaritan Pentateuch were largely based upon Codex B.

Until March, 1895, it also embraced what is now Navajo County, but at that date the latter was set apart and established as a separate county.

Until new hybridized breeds of cotton were created in the early nineteenth century, it was unprofitable to grow cotton in the United States anywhere other than those latter two areas.

Until then The Prince Edward will be Earl of Wessex and Viscount Severn, the latter title reflecting his bride's Welsh origins.

Until recently, scholarship on Theodore had focused on only the latter period since it is attested in Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English, and also in Stephen of Ripon's Vita Sancti Wilfrithi, whereas no source directly mentions Theodore's earlier activities.

Until the precision-guided munitions became standard in 1960s, the term " attack aircraft " implied a heavily armored aircraft armed with both bombs and with forward-firing automatic weapon — the former were more powerful, but the latter enabled strafing attacks of much higher precision.

Until the latter part of the nineteenth century when institutional chieftaincy evolved ( and was latter imposed by colonial administration ), broader Dagaaba communities functioned under a system of councils of elders.

Until the 18th century the coins given were from the circulating coinage, and it was not until the latter half of the century that the four Maundy coins developed as distinct, noncirculating pieces.

Until the latter part of the 20th century, guards on passenger trains in these countries did not have routine responsibilities for ticket inspection or sale.

Until 1814, Zug was in the Diocese of Konstanz, but on the reconstruction of the diocese of Basel in 1828 it was assigned to the latter.

Until the first quarter of 2009 the last plates of the old series ( starting with Y, the Z series being reserved for dealer use ) were issued simultaneously with the new layout, with the latter reserved at first for registrations made through Internet.

Until its establishment as a separate company, leadership of NATS ( the ' Controller ') alternated between civil and military, the latter normally a serving Air Marshal.

Until the latter part of the 1800s, it served as a child's first formal education at home.

Until the mid-20th century, the oldest complete rime dictionaries known were the Guangyun and Jiyun, though extant copies of the latter were marred by numerous transcription errors.

Until early 2008, the length was standardised at 50 minutes, which was extended in the latter half of 2008 to 60 minutes.

Until 2007, It ran both a membership side and a services side, the latter covering schools and campus.

Until the latter half of the 1960s, the Federal Housing Administration served mainly as an insuring agency for loans made by private lenders.

Until 1991, the ambassador of the Soviet Union to the Netherlands visited the graves of the Georgians on 4 May every year, and, at least during the latter visits, called the Georgians " Heroes of the Soviet Union ".

Until March 2011, aljazeera. com was an English language website for Aljazeera Magazine, which was unrelated to the Arabic satellite TV channel Al Jazeera ; the latter operates websites in both Arabic ( www. aljazeera. net ) and English ( english. aljazeera. net ).

Until the latter part of the 19th century Riverdale, Kingsbridge, and other areas now in the northwest Bronx were part of the Town of Yonkers.

Until the latter half of the 10th century, St. Wendel was an important Verdun base.

Until that first dedication service, he and Lois felt their children were too young to take part in any religious life at home.

Until the 19th century the majority of battles were of short duration, many lasting a part of a day.

Until the early part of the twentieth century, the highlands economy consisted primarily of mining and livestock

Until October 924 the eastern part of Lorraine was left in Henry's possession.

Until about 1800, the most common pattern of steam engine was the beam engine, built as an integral part of a stone or brick engine-house, but soon various patterns of self-contained portative engines ( readily removable, but not on wheels ) were developed, such as the table engine.

Until about 1750, in large part due to malnutrition, life expectancy in France was about 35 years, and only slightly higher in England.

Until 1955, the Kerguelen Islands were part of the French colony of Madagascar.

Until 2002 it was part of the municipality of Al-Manamah.

Until the early 20th century, these tribes had little contact with the Nama, Damara, and Herero, who settled around the central part of the country vying for control of sparse pastureland.

Until 1891 Canna, Rùm and Muck were historically part of the counties of Argyll ; Eigg was historically part of Inverness-shire, and all of the Small Isles were in Inverness-shire, from 1891 to 1975.

Until 1961, the University formed part of the University of New Zealand ( UNZ ), and issued degrees in its name.

Until the 15th century, Gnezdovo was a part of the independent Smolensk principality.

Until the riots 1969, co-existence between the three ethnicities ( and other minor groups ) was largely peaceful, although the three main racial groups for the most part lived in separate communities-the Malays in the villages, the Chinese in the urban areas, and the Indians in the towns and plantation.

Until deep into the 19th century, the now Venezuelan islands of Aves, the Aves archipelago, Los Roques and La Orchila were also considered by the Dutch government to be part of the Dutch West Indies.

Until the Roman conquest of Britain, the area that would become known as Glamorgan was part of the territory of the Silures – a Celtic British tribe that flourished in the Iron Age – whose territory also included the areas that would become known as Breconshire and Monmouthshire.

Until 1949 it was a part of the Netherlands Indies.

Until after the Second World War the western part of the island of New Guinea was part of the Dutch colony of the Netherlands Indies.

Until the agricultural crisis of 1880, the eastern part of the province was a largely agricultural region.

Until March 1, 2003, the Service was part of the United States Department of the Treasury.

Until 1809, Finland was part of Sweden, and some of the settlers of Sweden's colonies came from present-day Finland or were Finnish-speaking.

Until recently the RSC also ran two smaller theatres, the Swan, which is modelled on an Elizabethan theatre ( closed in August 2007 as part of plans for refurbishment ) and The Other Place theatre, a Black box theatre which was extended to become the temporary RSC Courtyard Theatre, which opened in July 2006.

Until the Cold War ended, the area never experienced an economic downfall, due in part to its defense-heavy industries.

Until 1344 the island was part of the Kingdom of Majorca, a vassal state of the Crown of Aragon.