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Up to the twelfth century, most manuscripts were produced in monasteries in order to add to the library or after receiving a commission from a wealthy patron.
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Up and twelfth
Up to the twelfth or thirteenth century, the duty of the Apostolic-or Roman Chancery was to prepare and expedite the pontifical letters and writs for collation of church dignities and other matters of grave importance which were discussed and decided in Consistory.
Up to and including Rashi, the Talmudic commentators occupied themselves only with the plain meaning of the text ; but after the beginning of the twelfth century the spirit of criticism took possession of the teachers of the Talmud.
Up until the twelfth century, it was sung every year at the imperial banquet on that feast by the joint choirs of Hagia Sophia and of the Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople.
Up and century
Up to the turn of the century, contraception was condemned by all Christian churches as immoral, unnatural and contrary to divine law.
Up until the 18th century, amethyst was included in the cardinal, or most valuable, gemstones ( along with diamond, sapphire, ruby, and emerald ).
Up until the 14th century European mail was made of alternating rows of riveted rings and solid rings.
Up until the early 20th century, the trumpet and cornet coexisted in musical ensembles.
Up to the discoveries of bulk amethyst in Brazil in the 19th century, amethyst was considered a precious stone as well, going back to ancient Greece.
Up until the mid-3rd century, the Roman state ’ s payments appear to have been unbalanced, with far more products sent to Britain, to support its large military force ( which had reached c. 53, 000 by the mid-2nd century ), than were extracted from the island.
Up to the 7th century, this journey was intended for religious reasons by the pagan Arabs to pay homage to their shrine, and to drink from the Zamzam Well.
Up to the 18th century, the instrument was called in Italian, the language used in writing music, whereas the instrument we today call the flute was called.
Up until the mid-twentieth century, the use of the word Adoshem, combining the first two syllables of " Adonai " with the last syllable of " Hashem "', was quite common.
Up to the 13th century the Scandinavians and Henry of Livonia in his chronicle called the town Lindanisa: Lyndanisse in Danish, Lindanäs in Swedish, also mentioned as Ledenets in Old East Slavic.
* Probably 3rd century – Jonah Swallowed and Jonah Cast Up, two statuettes of a group from the eastern Mediterranean, probably Asia Minor, are made.
Up until the 12th century AD, it was the lingua franca of the Irrawaddy valley — not only in the Mon kingdoms of the lower Irrawaddy valley but also of upriver Burman kingdom of Pagan ( Bagan ).
Up until the early 20th century, it was mainly visited by the European royals and elites, including Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany and Empress Elisabeth of Austria ; today it is also widely visited by middle class families ( primarily from the UK, Scandinavia and Germany ), leading to mass tourism.
Up to his final work, he appeared to be the physicist who most sought that dimension of action which Max Planck, at the beginning of the 20th century, had shown to be the only universal unity ( with his dimension of entropy ).
Up until the 18th century they were more properly known as les Vichois which stems from the Occitan name of the town, Vichèi.
Up until the 20th century, there were influential movements of Serb Catholics in Dubrovnik, Muslim Serbs, as well as Protestants in Vojvodina.
The term " lucifer " persisted as slang in the 20th century ( for example in the First World War song Pack Up Your Troubles ) and in the Netherlands and Belgium today matches are still called lucifers.
Up until the mid-20th century, in much of the United States, an attorney often had to follow an objection with an exception to preserve the issue for appeal.
Up until the late nineteenth century the play's themes were considered far too gruesome to be studied and appreciated.
All Fours, also known as High-Low-Jack or Seven Up, is an English tavern trick-taking card game that was popular as a gambling game until the end of the 19th century.
Up to the mid-nineteenth century, Camberwell was visited by Londoners for its rural tranquillity and the reputed healing properties of its mineral springs.
Up to at least the late 19th century, Camden Town was considered an " unfashionable " locality.
Up and most
Up to 1913, most American film production was still carried out around New York, but because of the monopoly of Thomas Edison's film patents, many filmmakers had moved to Southern California, hoping to escape the litany of lawsuits that the Edison Company had been bringing to protect its monopoly.
In 1915, cuts within the duration of a scene were still relatively infrequent in his films, and when they do occur they were frequently from Long Shot or Medium Long Shot ( which were the shots he most used ) to a Big Close Up of an insert detail, which only occupied a small part of the frame in the previous shot.
Coming Up for Air, his last novel before World War II is the most ' English ' of his novels ; alarums of war mingle with images of idyllic Thames-side Edwardian childhood of protagonist George Bowling.
Up to the 1980s, most NLP systems were based on complex sets of hand-written rules.
A remix album, Shut Up and Dance, was also released and reached # 7 on Billboard's album chart, becoming one of the most successful remix albums to date.
A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in The Eagle, City Road, which is still famous because of a nursery rhyme: " Up and down the City Road / In and out The Eagle / That's the way the money goes / Pop goes the weasel.
Up until the emergence of Pop Art, Surrealism can be seen to have been the single most important influence on the sudden growth in American arts, and even in Pop, some of the humor manifested in Surrealism can be found, often turned to a cultural criticism.
Up until the 1990s, SLR was the most advanced photographic preview system available, but the recent development and refinement of digital imaging technology with an on-camera live LCD preview screen has overshadowed SLR's popularity.
The most successful card wargame ( as a card game and as a wargame ) would almost certainly be Up Front, a card game about tactical combat in World War II published by Avalon Hill in 1983.
* Up Front-( Avalon Hill, 1983 )-the most popular of the very small class of card wargames.
In recent years, there have been non-bracelet events at the WSOP ; two of the most notable are the " World Series of Rock Paper Scissors " and " Ante Up for Africa.
Up to 2004, XFree86 provided the most common X variant on free Unix-like systems.
Muscle Up a Little Closer most resembled the sitcoms of the era, while Pies and Guys was a scene-for-scene remake of both Hoi Polloi and Half-Wits Holiday.
Presaging the word's subsequent 1980s association with electronic music, the word " rave " was a common term used regarding the music of mid-1960s garage rock and psychedelia bands ( most notably The Yardbirds, who released an album in the US called Having a Rave Up ).
Up to version 11, it featured a taskbar-mounted Mini mode in which the most common media control buttons are presented as a toolbar on the Windows taskbar.
Up until three-quarter time, Hird had 19 disposals and one goal ; in the final quarter, he managed 15 disposals and two goals, the latter of which was most memorable.
The title track, written by Steve Kipner and Terry Shaddick, spent ten weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100, matching the then record of most weeks spent at No. 1 in the rock era held by Debby Boone's " You Light Up My Life.
Up through the 1950s and most of the 1960s, four-stroke engines dominated all classes.
Up to 15 weeks ' gestation, suction-aspiration or vacuum aspiration are the most common surgical methods of induced abortion.
Up to 25 different carotenoids have been isolated from mango pulp, the densest of which was beta-carotene, which accounts for the yellow-orange pigmentation of most mango species.
Up until the 1930s Lilongwe had at most a population of 5000.
Up to then the family was kept quietly hidden, most likely in Ford Palace in Kent.
Up until this time, most artists painted horses at a trot with one foot always on the ground ; and at a full gallop with the front legs extended forward and the hind legs extended to the rear, and all feet off the ground.
1.451 seconds.